Group Inequality

This paper explores conditions under which inequality across social groups can emerge from initially group-egalitarian distributions and persist across generations despite equality of eco- nomic opportunity. These conditions arise from interactions among three factors: the extent of segregation in social networks, the strength of interpersonal spillovers in human capital accumu- lation, and the responsiveness of relative wages to the skill composition in production. Social segregation is critical in generating these results: group inequality cannot emerge or persist un- der conditions of equal opportunity unless segregation su¢ ciently great. We also show that if an initially disadvantaged group is su¢ ciently small, integration above a threshold level can induce both groups to invest more in human capital, while the opposite holds if the disadvantaged group is large.segregation, networks, group inequality, human capital

Evaluation of Novel Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hooker F.) Hybrids for Flower Quality Traits under Polyhouse Condition

The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of two gerbera hybrids IIHR15-7 and IIHR16-8 along with their parents and a commercial check, for flower quality traits under polyhouse condition in completely randomized block design, during 2016-17 to 2018-19. The hybrids IIHR15-7 and IIHR16-8 had been developed through the half-sib method of breeding with IIHR9 and Arka Ashwa, respectively, as parents. Data for three years were pooled and analyzed statistically. In both hybrids IIHR15-7 and IIHR16-8, all the quantitative traits were found to be on par with the respective commercial checks. They had novel flower colour (as per RHS Colour Chart) i.e. NN155A, White Group for IIHR 15-7 and 65A Red Purple Group for IIHR16-8, with semi-double and double forms of flowers, respectively. These hybrids are suitable for cut-flower and flower arrangement purposes. Further, these hybrids will be useful for developing new gerbera hybrids with novel traits

Thermodynamic Properties of Kagome Antiferromagnets with different Perturbations

We discuss the results of several small perturbations to the thermodynamic properties of Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Model (KLHM) at high and intermediate temperatures, including Curie impurities, dilution, in-plane and out of plane Dzyaloshinski-Moria (DM) anisotropies and exchange anisotropy. We examine the combined role of Curie impurities and dilution in the behavior of uniform susceptibility. We also study the changes in specific heat and entropy with various anisotropies. Their relevance to newly discovered materials ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 is explored. We find that the magnetic susceptibility is well described by about 6 percent impurity and dilution. We also find that the entropy difference between the material and KLHM is well described by the DM parameter D_z/J~0.1.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the HFM 2008 Conferenc

Spin-wave excitation spectra and spectral weights in square lattice antiferromagnets

Using a recently developed method for calculating series expansions of the excitation spectra of quantum lattice models, we obtain the spin-wave spectra for square lattice, $S=1/2$ Heisenberg-Ising antiferromagnets. The calculated spin-wave spectrum for the Heisenberg model is close to but noticeably different from a uniformly renormalized classical (large-$S$) spectrum with the renormalization for the spin-wave velocity of approximately $1.18$. The relative weights of the single-magnon and multi-magnon contributions to neutron scattering spectra are obtained for wavevectors throughout the Brillouin zone.Comment: Two postscript figures, 4 two-column page

Shaping Code

To allow society to intervene and proactively shape code (i.e., the software and hardware of information technologies), we analyze a number of mechanisms and schemes concerning how society can shape the development of code. These recommendations include regulatory and fiscal actions by the government, as well as actions that public interest organizations can take to shape code. These recommendations also include a number of specific policy prescriptions, such as prohibitions on code, using standards or market-based incentives, modifying liability, requiring disclosure, governmental funding for the development of code, government\u27s use of its procurement power to favor open source code, export prohibitions on encryption code, developing an insurance regime for cybersecurity, and fashioning technology transfer policy for code. For each measure, we identify and discuss regulatory and technological issues that affect its effectiveness. The result is a more informed approach in weighing the alterative approaches to shaping code. We do not attempt to determine the comparative efficiency of different approaches to shaping code, because, in part, that analysis is a factually laden inquiry depending on the specific characteristics and issues related to the particular type of code in question. These recommendations will allow policymakers to better anticipate and guide the development of code that contributes to our society and reflects its values and preferences