77 research outputs found

    A revised CNCPS feed carbohydrate fractionation scheme for formulating rations for ruminants

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    Balancing ruminant diets for appropriate levels and types of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) is necessary to maximize production while assuring the health of the animals. Several feed fractions (i.e., volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate, sugars, starch) are now being measured in some commercial feed laboratories and this information may assist in better formulating diets. A CHO fractionation scheme based on ruminal degradation characteristics needed for nutritional models is described and its impact on predictions with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) is assessed. Dietary CHO are divided into eight fractions: the CA1 is volatile fatty acids (VFA), CA2 is lactic acid, CA3 is other organic acids, CA4 is sugars, CB1 is starch, CB2 is soluble fiber, CB3 is available neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and CC is unavailable NDF. A Monte Carlo analysis was conducted with an example lactating dairy cow ration to compare the original CNCPS CHO scheme (CA=sugars and organic acids, CB1=starch and soluble fiber, CB2=available NDF, CC=unavailable NDF) with the developed CHO scheme. A database was used to obtain distributions and correlations of the feed inputs used in the schemes for the ingredients of the ration (corn and grass silages, high moisture corn, soybean meal, and distillers\u27 grains). The CHO fractions varied in a decreasing order as VFAs, soluble fiber, lactic acid, sugar, NDF, starch, and total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Use of the expanded scheme in the CNCPS decreased the microbial CP production, which was sensitive (standard regression coefficient in parenthesis) to corn silage starch (0.55), grass silage NDF rate (0.46), high moisture corn grain starch rate (0.44), and corn silage NDF rate (0.33). Predicted ruminal NFC digestibility remained similar. The expanded CHO scheme provides a more appropriate feed description to account for variation in changes in silage quality and diet NFC composition. However, to fully account for differences in feed CHO utilization, further improvements in the methodology used to estimate the fractions and their corresponding degradation rates, inclusion of dietary factors in dry matter intake predictions, and prediction of ruminal VFA production and pH are necessary

    The microbiome of the ice-capped Cayambe Volcanic Complex in Ecuador

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    A major challenge in microbial ecology is to understand the principles and processes by which microbes associate and interact in community assemblages. Microbial communities in mountain glaciers are unique as first colonizers and nutrient enrichment drivers for downstream ecosystems. However, mountain glaciers have been distinctively sensitive to climate perturbations and have suffered a severe retreat over the past 40  years, compelling us to understand glacier ecosystems before their disappearance. This is the first study in an Andean glacier in Ecuador offering insights into the relationship of physicochemical variables and altitude on the diversity and structure of bacterial communities. Our study covered extreme Andean altitudes at the Cayambe Volcanic Complex, from 4,783 to 5,583 masl. Glacier soil and ice samples were used as the source for 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries. We found (1) effects of altitude on diversity and community structure, (2) the presence of few significantly correlated nutrients to community structure, (3) sharp differences between glacier soil and glacier ice in diversity and community structure, where, as quantified by the Shannon γ-diversity distribution, the meta-community in glacier soil showed more diversity than in glacier ice; this pattern was related to the higher variability of the physicochemical distribution of variables in the former substrate, and (4) significantly abundant genera associated with either high or low altitudes that could serve as biomarkers for studies on climate change. Our results provide the first assessment of these unexplored communities, before their potential disappearance due to glacier retreat and climate change

    Soil Bacterial Community Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Sumaco, a Stratovolcano in the Amazon Region

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    Our study is a pioneering exploration of the microbiome in the soil of the Sumaco stratovolcano and an assessment of the effects of an elevational gradient and related physicochemical soil parameters on richness and community structure. The Sumaco, as an isolated Amazonian stratovolcano, may be among one of the least studied ecosystems in Ecuador and perhaps the Amazon region. Universal patterns remain unresolved or available information inconclusive to establish a supported consensus on general governing processes by which elevation and its associated environmental gradients may determine the microbial richness and community structure. We tested a recent proposal on how microbial diversity responds to montane gradients, placing a central role in soils as potentially independent of altitude along an elevational gradient. Correlations and effects among soil physicochemical parameters and altitude were contrasted against richness and community structure through quantitative ecology. The most informative physicochemical parameter in our assessment of bacterial community structure was neither pH nor altitude, but sulfur, which was mostly independent of the other tested parameters. We established a positive effect of richness by parameters associated with metallic cations such as Mn2+, and CEC, which were negatively correlated to altitude and pH. The possible relation between the significant role of sulfur on bacterial community structure with the unique geological origin of the Sumaco stratovolcano should be examined in the context of specialized sulfur metabolisms and additional information on community structure and environmental constraints. Our study establishes an initial baseline for further explorations of microbial diversity in this unexplored tropical stratovolcano

    Efectos inmunológicos inducidos por los inhibidores de BCR. Experiencia en vida real en el hospital clínico Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza

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    PB-066 Introducción: Ibrutinib es un fármaco inhibidor de la TKB utilizado en Leucemia linfática crónica (LLC), linfoma del manto en recaída y Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström e Idelalisib es un inhibidor de PI3K? aprobado en LLC en recaída. Ambos disminuyen la proliferación de los linfocitos B inactivando el BCR, siendo altamente efectivos. No obstante, su interacción con el microambiente tumoral provoca reacciones inmunológicas como la neumonitis y colitis severa. Nuestro objetivo ha sido determinar la incidencia y el manejo terapéutico de dichas reacciones en nuestro centro. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo donde se incluyen todos los pacientes tratados con Ibrutinib o Idelalisib durante el período de tiempo : 01/2015- 05/2019. Criterios de inclusión: 1. Colitis: diarrea grado =3 con confirmación histopatológica ; 2. Neumonitis: TAC pulmonar compatible y lavado bronquioalveolar (BAL) excluyendo causas infecciosas. Figura 1. Sigmoiditis Figura 2. Neumonitis bibasal. Vidrio deslustrado Figura 3. Alveolitis en lóbulos superiores. Resultados: Se han incluido 27 pacientes, 10 (37%) mujeres y 17 (63%) hombres. La media de edad fue 73 años (53-84). Tratamiento con Idelalisib: 7 pacientes (25.9%); Ibrutinib: 20 pacientes (74.1 %). No patología pulmonar ni digestiva previa al inicio del tratamiento . De los pacientes tratados con Idelalisib, 1 presentó una sigmoiditis (14%)( caso1) y 1 presentó neumonitis intersticial (14%) (caso 2) . De los tratados con Ibrutinib 1 paciente presentó alveolitis (5%) (caso 3). Del total de pacientes estudiados el 11 % han presentado reacciones inmunológicas ..

    Impacto de la técnica quirúrgica en patient blood management

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    PO-067 Introducción: La autotransfusión es un método de ahorro de sangre frecuentemente utilizado en procedimientos quirúrgicos con elevado riesgo hemorrágico. La cistectomía radical por neoplasia de vejiga es una intervención quirúrgica agresiva, con gran morbimortalidad y altos requerimientos transfusionales. Por este motivo, la autodonación de sangre previa a cirugía se sigue utilizando en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, el abordaje laparoscópico parece disminuir la necesidad de transfusión y podría suponer en sí misma una herramienta de ahorro de hemoderivados. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la repercusión de esta novedad técnica en la tasa de sangrados y requerimientos transfusionales en estos pacientes. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa de Zaragoza, desde enero de 2012 a junio de 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes intervenidos de cistectomía radical, clasificados según en abordaje quirúrgico utilizado en cirugía abierta o laparoscópica, y se compararon los dos grupos en términos de sangrado y requerimientos transfusionales durante la cirugía y tras la misma. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 164 pacientes, 89, 6% varones y 10, 4% mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 67, 1±9, 1 años. El 35, 4% de las intervenciones quirúrgicas fueron realizadas por vía laparoscópica. A pesar de que este abordaje supuso un mayor tiempo de cirugía, de forma estadísticamente significativa (p<0, 003), las tasas de sangrado durante y tras la intervención, así como el consumo de hemoderivados fueron significativamente menores (p<0, 001). ..

    Mujer joven con poliadenopatías y anasarca. ¿Es siempre neoplásico?

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    PB-122 Introducción: La enfermedad de Castleman (EC) es una entidad linfoproliferativa, descrita por primera vez en 1954. Tiene dos formas de presentación: unicéntrica, con afectación de un único ganglio linfático y multicéntrica (ECM), con afectación de múltiples nódulos y presentación clínica en forma de linfadenopatías, fiebre, pérdida de peso, disnea, edemas, anemia e hipoalbuminemia. En la patogenia de la enfermedad hay una sobreproducción de IL6, que induce un síndrome proinflamatorio, responsable de los síntomas clínicos. ECM puede ser secundaria a infección por virus VIH y VHH8. En pacientes que no se demuestra causa etiológica se denomina ECM idiopática (ECMi), dentro de la cual se diferencian dos subtipos clínicos ECMi-TAFRO (trombocitopenia, anasarca, fiebre, fibrosis reticulínica/disfunción renal y organomegalia), o ECMi-NOS (not otherwise specified). ^ Métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente con enfermedad de Castleman multicéntrica idiopática. Resultados: El caso corresponde a una mujer de 53 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de interés, que en junio 2018, ingresa en el servicio de Medicina Interna de nuestro centro, por cuadro de fiebre, ascitis, derrame pleural y síndrome poliadenopático sin filiar. Durante ingreso presenta una evolución tórpida, objetivándose a la exploración esplenomegalia y cuadro de anasarca. Analíticamente destacan hipoalbuminemia (1, 1 g/dl), insuficiencia renal (creatinina 1, 88 mg/dl, FGE 36 mil/min), anemia (Hb 10, 3 g/dl), trombocitopenia (123000/mm3) y elevación de reactantes de fase aguda (PCR 36 mg/dl, ferritina 1063 ng/ml, fibrinógeno 1000 mg/dl). En PET/TC se observa un patron poliadenopático discretamente hipermetabólico supra e infradiafragmático, con incremento de captación difuso del radiotrazador en bazo (SUV máx ..
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