Legislative ratings as a metric of goal cohesion within interest groups: Business vs. labor

This study investigates the instrumental goals of business and labor by analyzing legislative ratings issued by a number of organizations. Results indicate that the business community is more diverse in its political goals than is the labor community. The methodology employed is as follows. First, a business/labor categorical scheme is validated by using cluster analysis. Next, the degree of cohesion of the goals of business is compared with that of labor. Euclidean distance, which represents the degree of dissimilarity in the evaluation of Congress, is the metric used for this purpose. © 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

An activity-based competency model - an approach for 21st century learners

This paper describes an activity-based competence definition and assessment approach. We argue that in a fast evolving world with increasing competence development necessities, training concepts need to target the performance of a single or integrated set of activities. The activity-based competences definition model for adult learners presented here aims at supporting the process of deriving key competences in line with the activity to be performed or improved. The model combines the concepts of Activity Theory, with andragogical principles and Self-Regulated Learning approaches with the revised version of Bloom"s Taxonomy. Additionally, it integrates modern learning theories (Connectivism) and concepts that emphasize knowledge networks and enquiry strategies as the key element of the modern knowledge society. We outline a Competence Model that supports the development of pedagogically sound authentic training activities, such as for simulation-based training activities or any other e-learning element for distance education

IMPLICATIONS OF WHISTLEBLOWING FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION

Whistleblowing, or going public, is an issue which has received a great deal of media attention and scholarly consideration. Public administrators of the future will surely have to confront it. The author of this article divides whistleblowing into individual, organization, and environmental levels of analysis. Each level has its own unique considerations which must be understood separately before they can be understood comprehensively. Moreover, the author asserts that the study of whistleblowing fosters awareness of ethics, provides the skills needed to effectively cope with dissent, and imparts legal knowledge about the discipline of public administration to students. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.

Household income predicts trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing behavior in high-, middle-, and low-income countries

This study examined longitudinal links between household income and parents’ education and children’s trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behaviors from age 8 to 10 reported by mothers, fathers, and children. Longitudinal data from 1,190 families in 11 cultural groups in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States) were included. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that household income, but not maternal or paternal education, was related to trajectories of mother-, father-, and child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems in each of the 11 cultural groups. Our findings highlight that in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, socioeconomic risk is related to children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, extending the international focus beyond children’s physical health to their emotional and behavioral development