Thermodynamics of quantum Brownian motion with internal degrees of freedom: the role of entanglement in the strong-coupling quantum regime

We study the influence of entanglement on the relation between the statistical entropy of an open quantum system and the heat exchanged with a low temperature environment. A model of quantum Brownian motion of the Caldeira-Leggett type - for which a violation of the Clausius inequality has been stated by Th.M. Nieuwenhuizen and A.E. Allahverdyan [Phys. Rev. E 66, 036102 (2002)] - is reexamined and the results of the cited work are put into perspective. In order to address the problem from an information theoretical viewpoint a model of two coupled Brownian oscillators is formulated that can also be viewed as a continuum version of a two-qubit system. The influence of an additional internal coupling parameter on heat and entropy changes is described and the findings are compared to the case of a single Brownian particle.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Finite quantum dissipation: the challenge of obtaining specific heat

We consider a free particle coupled with finite strength to a bath and investigate the evaluation of its specific heat. A harmonic oscillator bath of Drude type with cutoff frequency omega_D is employed to model an ohmic friction force with dissipation strength gamma. Two scenarios for obtaining specific heat are presented. The first one uses the measurement of the kinetic energy of the free particle while the second one is based on the reduced partition function. Both descriptions yield results which are consistent with the Third Law of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, the two methods produce different results that disagree even in their leading quantum corrections at high temperatures. We also consider the regime where the cutoff frequency is smaller than the friction strength, i.e. omega_D<gamma. There, we encounter puzzling results at low temperatures where the specific heat based on the thermodynamic prescription becomes negative. This anomaly is rooted in an ill-defined density of states of the damped free particle which assumes unphysical negative values when gamma/omega_D>1.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Information and entropy in quantum Brownian motion: Thermodynamic entropy versus von Neumann entropy

We compare the thermodynamic entropy of a quantum Brownian oscillator derived from the partition function of the subsystem with the von Neumann entropy of its reduced density matrix. At low temperatures we find deviations between these two entropies which are due to the fact that the Brownian particle and its environment are entangled. We give an explanation for these findings and point out that these deviations become important in cases where statements about the information capacity of the subsystem are associated with thermodynamic properties, as it is the case for the Landauer principle.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Fluctuation theorems in driven open quantum systems

The characteristic function for the joint measurement of the changes of two commuting observables upon an external forcing of a quantum system is derived. In particular, the statistics of the internal energy, the exchanged heat and the work of a quantum system that {\it weakly} couples to its environment is determined in terms of the energy changes of the system and the environment due to the action of a classical, external force on the system. If the system and environment initially are in a canonical equilibrium, the work performed on the system is shown to satisfy the Tasaki-Crooks theorem and the Jarzynski equality.Comment: 12 page

Quantum entanglement and disentanglement of multi-atom systems

We present a review of recent research on quantum entanglement, with special emphasis on entanglement between single atoms, processing of an encoded entanglement and its temporary evolution. Analysis based on the density matrix formalism are described. We give a simple description of the entangling procedure and explore the role of the environment in creation of entanglement and in disentanglement of atomic systems. A particular process we will focus on is spontaneous emission, usually recognized as an irreversible loss of information and entanglement encoded in the internal states of the system. We illustrate some certain circumstances where this irreversible process can in fact induce entanglement between separated systems. We also show how spontaneous emission reveals a competition between the Bell states of a two qubit system that leads to the recently discovered "sudden" features in the temporal evolution of entanglement. An another problem illustrated in details is a deterministic preparation of atoms and atomic ensembles in long-lived stationary squeezed states and entangled cluster states. We then determine how to trigger the evolution of the stable entanglement and also address the issue of a steered evolution of entanglement between desired pairs of qubits that can be achieved simply by varying the parameters of a given system.Comment: Review articl

Fluorescent Pigment and Phenol Glucosides from the Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium

The fluorescence shown by extracts of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium is attributed to salts of the new compound 1, whose structure was elaborated using detailed spectroscopic/ spectrometric studies. The plant material also contains the nonfluorescent compounds 2 and 3. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by experimental and theoretically calculated electronic CD spectra, while that of 3 was deduced from ECD comparison with reported results in the α-hydroxydihydrochalcone series

Positions, Regions, and Clusters: Strata of Granularity in Location Modelling

Abstract. Location models are data structures or knowledge bases used in Ubiquitous Computing for representing and reasoning about spatial relationships between so-called smart objects, i.e. everyday objects, such as cups or buildings, containing computational devices with sensors and wireless communication. The location of an object is in a location model either represented by a region, by a coordinate position, or by a cluster of regions or positions. Qualitative reasoning in location models could advance intelligence of devices, but is impeded by incompatibilities between the representation formats: topological reasoning applies to regions; directional reasoning, to positions; and reasoning about set-membership, to clusters. We present a mathematical structure based on scale spaces giving an integrated semantics to all three types of relations and representations. The structure reflects concepts of granularity and uncertainty relevant for location modelling, and gives semantics to applications of RCC-reasoning and projection-based directional reasoning in location models

The reaction coordinate mapping in quantum thermodynamics

We present an overview of the reaction coordinate approach to handling strong system-reservoir interactions in quantum thermodynamics. This technique is based on incorporating a collective degree of freedom of the reservoir (the reaction coordinate) into an enlarged system Hamiltonian (the supersystem), which is then treated explicitly. The remaining residual reservoir degrees of freedom are traced out in the usual perturbative manner. The resulting description accurately accounts for strong system-reservoir coupling and/or non-Markovian effects over a wide range of parameters, including regimes in which there is a substantial generation of system-reservoir correlations. We discuss applications to both discrete stroke and continuously operating heat engines, as well as perspectives for additional developments. In particular, we find narrow regimes where strong coupling is not detrimental to the performance of continuously operating heat engines.Comment: 17 pages, 2 tables, 7 figures. As a chapter of: F. Binder, L. A. Correa, C. Gogolin, J. Anders, and G. Adesso (eds.), "Thermodynamics in the quantum regime - Recent Progress and Outlook", (Springer International Publishing

Thermodynamic anomaly of the free damped quantum particle: the bath perspective

A possible definition of the specific heat of open quantum systems is based on the reduced partition function of the system. For a free damped quantum particle, it has been found that under certain conditions, this specific heat can become negative at low temperatures. In contrast to the conventional approaches focusing on the system degree of freedom, here we concentrate on the changes induced in the environment when the system is coupled to it. Our analysis is carried out for an Ohmic environment consisting of harmonic oscillators and allows to identify the mechanism by which the specific heat becomes negative. Furthermore, the formal condition for the occurrence of a negative specific heat is given a physical interpretation in terms of the total mass of bath oscillators and the system mass.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, final version after one round of refereein