Electrochemical behaviour of neutral red

The electrochemical studies of the dye molecule, Neutral Red (NR) as!'iurne importance in view of its redox characteristics. The oxidised and reduced forms of NR, depending UpOIl the solution pH, undergo different protonation reactions. The electrochemical behaviour of NR (3-arnino-7-dimethylarnino-2-methyl phenazine) has been studied voltarnrnetrically on a glassy carbon electrode at different pR conditions. The investigations indicate that the electroreduction of NR follows a single stage 2e-transfer. Based on the voltammetric data, the diffusion coefficient of NR and the heterogeneous rate constant for its reduction reaction have heen estimated. The results or the above investigations are presented and discussed in this communication which also includes absorption spectral data or NR in the visible image

Nonanemic Patients Do Not Benefit from Autologous Blood Donation Before Total Hip Replacement

To avoid the potential risks of allogeneic transfusion during total hip arthroplasty (THA), the use of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) has been utilized. We performed a retrospective chart review of 283 patients undergoing THA that either donated 1 U of autologous blood (188 patients) or did not donate autologous blood before surgery (95 patients) in order to investigate the difference in postoperative transfusion rate (autologous and allogeneic), the incidence of allogeneic transfusion, and the difference in cost of each protocol. In addition, the study compared transfusion rates in patients with and without preoperative anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 12.5 g/dL). At 0.75 transfusions per patient versus 0.22 transfusions per patient, the PABD patients had a significantly higher overall transfusion rate. PABD significantly reduced the need for allogeneic blood in anemic patients (Hb ≤ 12.5 g/dL) from 52.6% to 11.8%. PABD did not have the same affect in nonanemic patients (allogeneic transfusion rate 5.7% versus 4.0%). The study demonstrated that nonanemic patients undergoing THA do not benefit from PABD, but it is effective for anemic patients

Bleeding management in elective orthopedic surgery

Preoperative anemia and blood loss are two major concerns in elective orthopedic surgery. Most orthopedic surgeons consider allogenic blood transfusions to be a standard treatment in cases of low hemoglobin, although a number of well-recognized risks and complications are associated, as well as high costs and bad outcome. Procedures to reduce allogenic blood transfusion include the identification and management of preoperative anemia, intraoperative salvage, and possible postoperative retransfusion systems. This chapter gives an overview of alternatives to allogenic blood transfusion from the anesthesiology and orthopedic points of view, including estimated costs and acceptance