Cohesion and purpose : a consideration of the structure of pre-service teacher education

Any consideration of the structure of pre-service teacher education must take account of the long-standing and still-continuing debate on the relative merits of consecutive and concurrent patterns of training. The co-existence of both approaches - the universities with degree courses followed by one-year professional training and the majority of colleges of advanced education with concurrent course structures - shows that not only are both systems viable but that neither can claim significant superiority. It is often argued that the concurrent pattern is more suited to the training of primary school teachers while the consecutive pattern, particularly in the university context, has particular value for secondary subject specialist teachers..

Starr International Company v. U.S., May 09, 2017

Starr International Company. Inc, in its Own Right and on Behalf of Two Classes of Others Similarly Situated (Plaintiff-Appellant), v. United States (Defendant-Cross-Appellant), and American International Group, Inc. (Defendant) Appeals from the United States Court of Federal Claims in No. 1:11-cv-00779-TCW, Judge Thomas C. Wheeler

Starr International v United States: Opinion and Order

STARR INTERNATIONAL COMPANY,INC., in its own right and on behalf of two classes of others similarly situated, Plaintiff, v. THE UNITED STATES, Defendant

Meanings of being received and met by others as experienced by women with MS

In order to elucidate meanings of being received and met by others as experienced by women with multiple sclerosis (MS) we conducted a qualitative inquiry. We interviewed 15 women with MS and analysed the interviews with a phenomenological hermeneutic interpretation. The findings were presented in two themes: experiencing oneself as a valuable person and experiencing oneself as diminished. Meanings of being received and met by others, as experienced by women with MS, can be understood as containing two dimensions where treatment from others can mean recognising oneself through confirmation, as well as being ignored due to missing togetherness with others

Natural law, non-voluntary euthanasia, and public policy

© 2019 by Emerald Publishing Limited. Natural Law philosophy asserts that there are universally binding and universally evident principles that can be determined to guide the actions of persons. Moreover, many of these principles have been enshrined in both statute and common law, thus ensuring their saliency for staff and institutions charged with palliative care. The authors examine the often emotive and politicized matter of (non-voluntary) euthanasia – acts or omissions made with the intent of causing or hastening death – with reference to Natural Law philosophy. This leads us to propose a number of important public policy remedies to ensure dignity in dying for the patient, and their associates

Metabolite Cross-Feeding Enhances Virulence in a Model Polymicrobial Infection

Microbes within polymicrobial infections often display synergistic interactions resulting in enhanced pathogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions are not well understood. Development of model systems that allow detailed mechanistic studies of polymicrobial synergy is a critical step towards a comprehensive understanding of these infections in vivo. In this study, we used a model polymicrobial infection including the opportunistic pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the commensal Streptococcus gordonii to examine the importance of metabolite cross-feeding for establishing co-culture infections. Our results reveal that co-culture with S. gordonii enhances the pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans in a murine abscess model of infection. Interestingly, the ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to utilize L-lactate as an energy source is essential for these co-culture benefits. Surprisingly, inactivation of L-lactate catabolism had no impact on mono-culture growth in vitro and in vivo suggesting that A. actinomycetemcomitans L-lactate catabolism is only critical for establishing co-culture infections. These results demonstrate that metabolite cross-feeding is critical for A. actinomycetemcomitans to persist in a polymicrobial infection with S. gordonii supporting the idea that the metabolic properties of commensal bacteria alter the course of pathogenesis in polymicrobial communities