9,595 research outputs found
Dark Breathers in Granular Crystals
We present a study of the existence, stability and bifurcation structure of
families of dark breathers in a one-dimensional uniform chain of spherical
beads under static load. A defocus- ing nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) is
derived for frequencies that are close to the edge of the phonon band and is
used to construct targeted initial conditions for numerical computations.
Salient features of the system include the existence of large amplitude
solutions that bifurcate with the small amplitude solutions described by the
NLS equation, and the presence of a nonlinear instability that, to the best of
the authors knowledge, has not been observed in classical Fermi- Pasta-Ulam
lattices. Finally, it is also demonstrated that these dark breathers can be
detected in a physically realistic way by merely actuating the ends of an
initially at rest chain of beads and inducing destructive interference between
their signals
Phononic Rogue Waves
We present a theoretical study of extreme events occurring in phononic
lattices. In particular, we focus on the formation of rogue or freak waves,
which are characterized by their localization in both spatial and temporal
domains. We consider two examples. The first one is the prototypical nonlinear
mass-spring system in the form of a homogeneous Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT)
lattice with a polynomial potential. By deriving an approximation based on the
nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation, we are able to initialize the FPUT model
using a suitably transformed Peregrine soliton solution of the NLS, obtaining
dynamics that resembles a rogue wave on the FPUT lattice. We also show that
Gaussian initial data can lead to dynamics featuring rogue wave for
sufficiently wide Gaussians. The second example is a diatomic granular crystal
exhibiting rogue wave like dynamics, which we also obtain through an NLS
reduction and numerical simulations. The granular crystal (a chain of particles
that interact elastically) is a widely studied system that lends itself to
experimental studies. This study serves to illustrate the potential of such
dynamical lattices towards the experimental observation of acoustic rogue
waves.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Connections of activated hopping processes with the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation and with aspects of dynamical heterogeneities
We develop a new extended version of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for glass
transition, which incorporates activated hopping processes via the dynamical
theory originally formulated to describe diffusion-jump processes in crystals.
The dynamical-theory approach adapted here to glass-forming liquids treats
hopping as arising from vibrational fluctuations in quasi-arrested state where
particles are trapped inside their cages, and the hopping rate is formulated in
terms of the Debye-Waller factors characterizing the structure of the
quasi-arrested state. The resulting expression for the hopping rate takes an
activated form, and the barrier height for the hopping is ``self-generated'' in
the sense that it is present only in those states where the dynamics exhibits a
well defined plateau. It is discussed how such a hopping rate can be
incorporated into MCT so that the sharp nonergodic transition predicted by the
idealized version of the theory is replaced by a rapid but smooth crossover. We
then show that the developed theory accounts for the breakdown of the
Stokes-Einstein relation observed in a variety of fragile glass formers. It is
also demonstrated that characteristic features of dynamical heterogeneities
revealed by recent computer simulations are reproduced by the theory. More
specifically, a substantial increase of the non-Gaussian parameter, double-peak
structure in the probability distribution of particle displacements, and the
presence of a growing dynamic length scale are predicted by the extended MCT
developed here, which the idealized version of the theory failed to reproduce.
These results of the theory are demonstrated for a model of the Lennard-Jones
system, and are compared with related computer-simulation results and
experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Demonstration of dispersive rarefaction shocks in hollow elliptical cylinder chains
We report an experimental and numerical demonstration of dispersive
rarefaction shocks (DRS) in a 3D-printed soft chain of hollow elliptical
cylinders. We find that, in contrast to conventional nonlinear waves, these DRS
have their lower amplitude components travel faster, while the higher amplitude
ones propagate slower. This results in the backward-tilted shape of the front
of the wave (the rarefaction segment) and the breakage of wave tails into a
modulated waveform (the dispersive shock segment). Examining the DRS under
various impact conditions, we find the counter-intuitive feature that the
higher striker velocity causes the slower propagation of the DRS. These unique
features can be useful for mitigating impact controllably and efficiently
without relying on material damping or plasticity effects
Precise QCD predictions on top quark pair production mediated by massive color octet vector boson at hadron colliders
We present a theoretical framework for systematically calculating
next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD effects to various experimental observables in
models with massive COVB in a model independent way at hadron colliders.
Specifically, we show the numerical results for the NLO QCD corrections to
total cross sections, invariant mass distribution and AFB of top quark pairs
production mediated by a massive COVB in both the fixed scale (top quark mass)
scheme and the dynamical scale (top pair invariant mass) scheme. Our results
show that the NLO QCD calculations in the dynamical scale scheme is more
reasonable than the fixed scheme and the naive estimate of the NLO effects by
simple rescaling of the LO results with the SM NLO K-factor is not appropriate.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; version published in EPJ
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to a heavy resonance production and decay into top quark pair at the LHC
We present a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculation to a heavy
resonance production and decay into a top quark pair at the LHC, where the
resonance could be either a Randall-Sundrum (RS) Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton
or an extra gauge boson . The complete NLO QCD corrections can enhance the
total cross sections by about and for the and
the , respectively, depending on the resonance mass. We also explore in
detail the NLO corrections to the polar angle distributions of the top quark,
and our results show that the shapes of the NLO distributions can be different
from the leading order (LO) ones for the KK graviton. Moreover, we study the
NLO corrections to the spin correlations of the top quark pair production via
the above process, and find that the corrections are small.Comment: Published version in PR
One-loop Helicity Amplitudes for Top Quark Pair Production in Randall-Sundrum Model
In this paper, we show how to calculate analytically the one-loop helicity
amplitudes for the process induced by KK gluon,
using the spinor-helicity formalism. A minimal set of Feynman rules which are
uniquely fixed by gauge invariance and the color representation of the KK gluon
are derived and used in the calculation. Our results can be applied to a
variety of models containing a massive color octet vector boson.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, journal versio
Superconductivity and Magnetism in REFeAsO1-xFx (RE=Rare Earth Elements)
Fluoride-doped iron-based oxypnictides containing rare-earth gadolinium
(GdFeAsO0.8F0.2) and co-doping with yttrium (Gd0.8Y0.2FeAsO0.8F0.2) have been
prepared via conventional solid state reaction at ambient pressure. The
non-yttrium substituted oxypnictide show superconducting transition as high as
43.9 K from temperature dependent resistance measurements with the Meissner
effect observed at a lower temperature of 40.8 K from temperature dependent
magnetization measurements. By replacing a small amount of gadolinium with
yttrium Tc was observed to be lowered by 10 K which might be caused by a change
in the electronic or magnetic structures since the crystal structure was not
altered.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Journal of Physics: Conference Series
(Proceedings in the LT25 Low Temperature Physics Conference) Submitte
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