Relationships of gender and career motivation to medical faculty members\u27 production of academic publications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationships between both internal and external career-motivating factors and academic productivity (as measured by the total numbers of publications) among full-time medical faculty, and whether these relationships differ for men and women. METHOD: In 1995 a 177-item survey was mailed to 3,013 full-time faculty at 24 randomly selected U.S. medical schools stratified on area of medical specialization, length of service, and gender. Two-tailed t-tests and regression analyses were used to study the data. RESULTS: A total of 1,764 faculty were used in the final analyses. The women had published two thirds as many articles as had the men (mean, 24.2 vs. 37.8). Intrinsic and extrinsic career motivation were rated similarly (on a three-point scale) by the women and the men: intrinsic career motivation was rated higher (women\u27s mean rating: 2.8, men\u27s mean rating: 2.9) than was extrinsic career motivation (mean rating: 2.1 for both). The main findings of the regression analyses were (1) intrinsic career motivation was positively associated, and extrinsic career motivation was negatively associated, with the number of publications; (2) publication rates were higher for the men than for the women after controlling for career motivation; and (3) there was no significant effect of gender on these relationships. CONCLUSION: The women faculty published less than did their men colleagues, but this difference cannot be accounted for by gender differences in career motivation. Further research on institutional support, family obligations, harassment, and other factors that could affect academic productivity is necessary to understand the gender difference in numbers of publications

Understanding relationship between security culture and knowledge management

Despite the widely recognized importance of information security as a vital asset in an organization, there has been lack of understanding of how organizations actually cultivate security culture amongst the employees in a particular environment. Based on previous researches, the vast majority of information security incidents are caused by human factor, and not by flawed technology. Knowledge has been highlighted as one important parameter of the human factor in information security. Previous literature has suggested the Knowledge Management (KM) approach as one of the approaches to implement information security management. However, the knowledge dimension of information security management in the healthcare industry has been neglected. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between security culture and KM. Thus, a conceptual model has been proposed to describe the relationship. The findings suggest that security culture may have a positive relationship with knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, and knowledge use through security behaviour. The proposed conceptual model will be further evaluated with selected healthcare organizations in Malaysia