Development of Advanced Magnet Structures for Cryogenic In Vacuum Permanent Magnet Undulators

Short period undulators and in particular in vacuum cryogenic permanent magnet undulators are the upcoming technique for FEL radiators, because they permit a significant reduction of linac and undulator length. For achieving high photon energies with low electron energies short period lengths, e.g. below lOmm permanent magnet structures are superior, due to their high surface current density of 16 kA cm as compared to electromagnetic or even superconducting devices. The geom.etrical to1erances scale with the period length. This requires new fabrication techniques and structure designs, particularly for sub cm period lengths. Salutions for these demands will be presented and results from a first prototype using various new technologies such as compound poles will be discussed and compared with common approache

Hall Probe Bench for Cryogenic In Vacuum Undulator

The Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB builds a 2m long in vacuum Hall probe measuring bench for the characterization of several in vacuum cryogenic undulators currently under development. Aceurate local magnetic measurements need a positioning control of about 5 Jlll. Fabrication tolerances and potentially strong temperature gradients require an active correction of the Hall probe movement along a straight line. The HZBbench employs a system of Iaser interferometers and positionsensitive detectors, which are used in a feed back loop for the Hall probe position and orientatio

A Canted Double Undulator System with a Wide Energy Range for EMIL

At BESSY II a canted double undulator system for the Energy Materials In situ Laboratory EMIL is under construction. The energy regime is covered with two undulators, an APPLE II undulator for the soft and a cryogenic permanent magnet undulator CPMU 17 for the hard photons. The layout and the performance of the undulators are presented in detail. The minimum of the vertical betatron function is shifted to the center of the CPMU 17. The neighboring quadrupoles and an additional quadrupole between the undulators control the vertical betatron function. Prior to the undulator installation a testing chamber with four movable vertical scrapers has been implemented at the CPMU 17 location. Utilizing the scrapers the new asymmetric lattice optics will be tested and optimize

The status of the in vacuum APPLE II IVUE32 at HZB BESSY II

At BESSY II, two new beamlines for RIXS and for X Ray microscopy need a short period variably polarizing undulator. For this purpose, the first in vacuum APPLE II undulator worldwide is under construction. The parameters are as follows period length amp; 955;0 32 mm, periods 78, minimum gap 7mm. The design incorporates a force compensation scheme as proposed by two of the authors at the SRI 2018. All precision parts of the drive chain are located in air. New transverse slides for the transversal slit adjustment have been developed and tested. Optical Micrometers measure the gap and phase positions, similar to the system of the CPMU17 at BESSY II. They provide the signals for motor feedback loops. A new UHV compatible soldering technique, as developed with industry, relaxes fabrication tolerances of magnets and magnet holders and simplifies the magnet assembly. A 10 period prototype has been setup for lifetime tests of the new magnetic keeper design. The paper summarizes the status of the undulator IVUE3

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MassCode Liquid Arrays as a Tool for Multiplexed High-Throughput Genetic Profiling

Multiplexed detection assays that analyze a modest number of nucleic acid targets over large sample sets are emerging as the preferred testing approach in such applications as routine pathogen typing, outbreak monitoring, and diagnostics. However, very few DNA testing platforms have proven to offer a solution for mid-plexed analysis that is high-throughput, sensitive, and with a low cost per test. In this work, an enhanced genotyping method based on MassCode technology was devised and integrated as part of a high-throughput mid-plexing analytical system that facilitates robust qualitative differential detection of DNA targets. Samples are first analyzed using MassCode PCR (MC-PCR) performed with an array of primer sets encoded with unique mass tags. Lambda exonuclease and an array of MassCode probes are then contacted with MC-PCR products for further interrogation and target sequences are specifically identified. Primer and probe hybridizations occur in homogeneous solution, a clear advantage over micro- or nanoparticle suspension arrays. The two cognate tags coupled to resultant MassCode hybrids are detected in an automated process using a benchtop single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The prospective value of using MassCode probe arrays for multiplexed bioanalysis was demonstrated after developing a 14plex proof of concept assay designed to subtype a select panel of Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars. This MassCode system is very flexible and test panels can be customized to include more, less, or different markers

HESEB The Helmholtz state of the art Soft X Ray Undulator beamline at SESAME

SESAME and a consortium of five Helmholtz Centers are designing and installing a state of the art soft X Ray undulator beamline at the SESAME light source in Amman, Jordan. Funding is provided by the Helmholtz Association over a four year project cycle that started in January 2019. This is an interim report covering the first 36 months of the project where the construction and installation has been almost completed and commissioning and characterization of the beamline is about to start. Additionally, seminars, workshops, and a training program are part of the project aimed at establishing a broad user communit

From Prototyping to Allotyping. The invention of change of use and the crisis of building types

The chapter analyses the invention and the form of the discourse on building conversion as one particular instance of redefining what a technology is and how it operates. I describe a shift from expert defined closure to lay based openness and tinkering as a shift from prototyping to allotyping: Since the early 1970s, change of use and building conversion have become a central and fashionable discourse among architects and architectural theorists. Before the 1970s, buildings were understood as technologies, as ‘society made durable’. The notion of building type was central to link a building to a given use. A bank was a bank because architects applied existing templates, prototypes, to turn a building into a bank. In the 1970s, suddenly buildings became flexible – discursively, since building conversion always existed: ‘Building type’ no longer was a meaningful link between a building and its use. A bank should not stay a bank, but become a hotel, a theatre or a flat, in short: an allotype. The chapter elucidate this central shift in thinking about buildings and reflects on the special case of allotyping buildings and how it continues to vex thinking about buildings