P6 Evaluation de la qualité des eaux conditionnées dans le sud du Bénin

Introduction : L’eau est un produit vital pour l’Homme, mais également une source de nombreuses maladies hydriques. La qualité des eaux conditionnées en bouteille et en sachet, généralement produites dans des conditions ne respectant pas les normes techniques et de salubrité, est évaluée dans 4 départements à forte activité économique dans le sud du Bénin. Méthodologie : Au total 70 unités de production dont 64 d’ensachage et 6 de mise en bouteilles d’eau ont été inspectées et leurs échantillons prélevés. Les analyses physico-chimiques ont porté sur le pH, la conductivité électrique, les solides totaux dissous (TDS) grâce à un multimètre portatif (HACH, HQ 4300) et la turbidité (turbidimètre HACH 2100 QiS). Les nitrates et fluorures ont été déterminés par un spectrophotomètre UV-Visible (HACH 3900, Germany). L’analyse bactériologique a porté sur la recherche des germes banals, des coliformes totaux et fécaux ; les bactéries spécifiques telles que E. coli, Pseudomonas, Entérocoques et Staphylococcus aureus.   Résultats et Discussion : 70% des eaux conditionnées proviennent de forage sans autorisation d’exploitation préalable. Les risques de contamination identifiés sont l’absence de filtres à charbon obligatoires (64,06%), de lampe UV (42,19%) et d’hygiène (34,37%). Le pH des échantillons d’eaux varie entre 3,94 et 7,74 avec 48,57% de non conformités (norme 6,5-8,5). La teneur moyenne en nitrate des échantillons d’eaux de forage est de 28,6±90 mg/L avec 17,14% de non conformités (norme 45mg/L) avec un pH acide de l’eau (p= < 0,05). 100% des unités de production d’eau en bouteille (n=6) ont un forage autonome avec un pH moyen de 5,5±1,2. 83,33% et 33,33% de non-conformités ont été observées pour le pH et les nitrates. Quant à la qualité microbiologique 67,14% des échantillons (n=47) contiennent des germes banals au-delà des normes admises (50UFC/mL) dont 50% (n=3) des eaux embouteillées. Une contamination aux coliformes totaux dans 7,14% (n=5) a été observée avec un échantillon positif à E. coli (1,43%). Conclusion : Cette étude confirme la réalité de la mauvaise qualité des eaux conditionnées, surtout celle en sachet. Il urge que les pouvoirs publics amènent tous les producteurs à respecter les normes afin de protéger la santé des populations

Contrôle de la qualité des eaux de boisson conditionnées en sachet et vendues dans les écoles et au marché Dantokpa de Cotonou

peer reviewe

Evaluation of the international standardized 24-h dietary recall methodology (GloboDiet) for potential application in research and surveillance within African settings

Background Collection of reliable and comparable individual food consumption data is of primary importance to better understand, control and monitor malnutrition and its related comorbidities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including in Africa. The lack of standardised dietary tools and their related research support infrastructure remains a major obstacle to implement concerted and region-specific research and action plans worldwide. Citing the magnitude and importance of this challenge, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) launched the “Global Nutrition Surveillance initiative” to pilot test the use of a standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet), validated in Europe, in other regions. In this regard, the development of the GloboDiet-Africa can be optimised by better understanding of the local specific methodological needs, barriers and opportunities. The study aimed to evaluate the standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet) as a possible common methodology for research and surveillance across Africa. Methods A consultative panel of African and international experts in dietary assessment participated in six e-workshop sessions. They completed an in-depth e-questionnaire to evaluate the GloboDiet dietary methodology before and after participating in the e-workshop. Results The 29 experts expressed their satisfaction on the potential of the software to address local specific needs when evaluating the main structure of the software, the stepwise approach for data collection and standardisation concept. Nevertheless, additional information to better describe local foods and recipes, as well as particular culinary patterns (e.g. mortar pounding), were proposed. Furthermore, food quantification in shared-plates and -bowls eating situations and interviewing of populations with low literacy skills, especially in rural settings, were acknowledged as requiring further specific considerations and appropriate solutions. Conclusions An overall positive evaluation of the GloboDiet methodology by both African and international experts, supports the flexibility and potential applicability of this tool in diverse African settings and sets a positive platform for improved dietary monitoring and surveillance. Following this evaluation, prerequisite for future implementation and/or adaptation of GloboDiet in Africa, rigorous and robust capacity building as well as knowledge transfer will be required to roadmap a stepwise approach to implement this methodology across pilot African countries/regions

Evaluation of the international standardized 24-h dietary recall methodology (GloboDiet) for potential application in research and surveillance within African settings

Background: Collection of reliable and comparable individual food consumption data is of primary importance to better understand, control and monitor malnutrition and its related comorbidities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including in Africa. The lack of standardised dietary tools and their related research support infrastructure remains a major obstacle to implement concerted and region-specific research and action plans worldwide. Citing the magnitude and importance of this challenge, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) launched the "Global Nutrition Surveillance initiative" to pilot test the use of a standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet), validated in Europe, in other regions. In this regard, the development of the GloboDiet-Africa can be optimised by better understanding of the local specific methodological needs, barriers and opportunities. The study aimed to evaluate the standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet) as a possible common methodology for research and surveillance across Africa. Methods: A consultative panel of African and international experts in dietary assessment participated in six e-workshop sessions. They completed an in-depth e-questionnaire to evaluate the GloboDiet dietary methodology before and after participating in the e-workshop. Results: The 29 experts expressed their satisfaction on the potential of the software to address local specific needs when evaluating the main structure of the software, the stepwise approach for data collection and standardisation concept. Nevertheless, additional information to better describe local foods and recipes, as well as particular culinary patterns (e.g. mortar pounding), were proposed. Furthermore, food quantification in shared-plates and -bowls eating situations and interviewing of populations with low literacy skills, especially in rural settings, were acknowledged as requiring further specific considerations and appropriate solutions. Conclusions: An overall positive evaluation of the GloboDiet methodology by both African and international experts, supports the flexibility and potential applicability of this tool in diverse African settings and sets a positive platform for improved dietary monitoring and surveillance. Following this evaluation, prerequisite for future implementation and/or adaptation of GloboDiet in Africa, rigorous and robust capacity building as well as knowledge transfer will be required to roadmap a stepwise approach to implement this methodology across pilot African countries/regions