Evaluation of cleaning process in a chicken meat industry facilities by the identification of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., and microbiome analysis

Development agency: Process nº 2020/01529-9, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Project CAPES-PRINT AUXPE 88881.310254/2018-01 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).Sanitation procedures performed in food industries can interfere with the hygienic-sanitary quality of products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and pre-operational cleaning process of a chicken slaughterhouse through the detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp. and microbiome analysis. Surface samples of equipment and utensils were collected before (n=160) and after (n=160) industrial cleaning processing to count aerobic mesophiles (ISO 4833-1), enterobacteria (ISO 21528-2), Pseudomonas sp. (ISO 13720), and to seek the presence of L. monocytogenes (ISO 11.290-1) and Salmonella sp. (ISO 6579). From the collected samples, 12.5% (n=40) were submitted to 16S RNA gene sequencing to assess microbial ecology. The cleaning process reduced 53% of mesophilic aerobic counts, 97% of enterobacteria, 94% of Pseudomonas sp. and eliminated Salmonella sp., however, was ineffective for L. monocytogenes. The presence of 133 genera was identified before processing, being Pseudomonas sp. (45.4%), Acinetobacter sp. (16.6%) and Aeromonas sp. (5.4%) the main ones. Of the 313 species identified, Pseudomonas fluorescens (22.9%), Acinetobacter johnsonii (13.8%), P. putida (6.2%) and Aeromonas salmonicida (3.1%) were the predominant ones. After cleaning processing, 63 genera were observed, composed by Aneurinibacillus sp. (19.5%), Pseudomonas sp. (12.8%), Acinetobacter sp. (11.3%), Anoxybacillus sp. (7.7%) and Enterococcus sp. (6.7%). Among the 123 species, the most identified ones were Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus (16.9%), P. fluorescens (7.7%), Anoxybacillus flavithermus (7.1%), Enterococcus cecorum (6.2%) and Escherichia coli (3.8%). Among the identified genera and species, the microorganisms were divided in three groups, one composed of microorganisms related to the processing of the products (Aneurinibacillus sp., Anoxybacillus sp. and Enterococcus sp.), the second identified after cleaning (Stenotrophomonas sp., Magnetospirillum sp. and Citrobacter sp.) and the last one by microorganisms that inhabited both steps (Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Aeromonas sp.). The results of the study demonstrate a considerable reduction of indicator microorganisms and Salmonella sp. after the cleaning process, except with L. monocytogenes. Beside the cleaning process, some bacteria as Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Aeromonas sp. remained on the analyzed surfaces, being tolerant and capable of originating biofilms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Symptoms awareness, emergency medical service utilization and hospital transfer delay in myocardial infarction

Abstract Background The length of time between symptom onset and reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a key determinant of mortality. Information on this delay is scarce, particularly for developing countries. The objective of the study is to prospectively evaluate the individual components of reperfusion time (RT) in patients with STEMI treated at a University Hospital in 2012. Methods Medical records were reviewed to determine RT, its main (patient delay time [PDT] and system delay time [SDT]) and secondary components and hospital access variables. Cognitive responses were evaluated using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results A total of 50 patients with a mean age of 59 years (SD = 10.5) were included, 64% of whom were male. The median RT was 430 min, with an interquartile range of 315–750 min. Regarding the composition of RT in the sample, PDT corresponded to 18.9% and SDT to 81.1%. Emergency medical services were used in 23.5% of cases. Patients treated in intermediate care units showed a significant increase in SDT (p = 0.008). Regarding cognitive variables, PDT was approximately 40 min longer among those who answered “I didn’t think it was serious” (p = 0.024). Conclusions In a Brazilian tertiary public hospital, RT was higher than that recommended by international guidelines, mainly because of long SDT, which was negatively affected by time spent in intermediate care units. Emergency Medical Services underutilization was noted. A patient’s low perception of severity increased PDT