Lutte biologique contre les stomoxes des bovins à la Réunion : l'exemple du "Poseidom vétérinaire"

Le programme POSEIDOM : "Eradication de l'Anaplasmose et des Babésioses à la Réunion", mis en oeuvre en 1994 présente l'originalité d'être axé sur une lutte intégrée, associant une lutte chimique contre les tiques et les stomoxes, et une lutte biologique contre ces mêmes mouches piqueuses du bétail (mouches boeufs). L'objectif de cette lutte biologique est le développement d'insectes hyménoptères, parasitoïdes des larves et pupes de stomoxes et la diffusion de stomoxes d'élevage ainsi parasités, sur les élevages bovins afin d'assurer la transmission de l'infestation et une réduction drastique des deux populations de stomoxes (S. calcitrans, S. nigra) par l'utilisation d'un complexe parasitaire : Tachninaephagus, Spalangia et Trichopria. Un bilan sérologique réalisé en début et fin de programme (1995-1998) a mis en évidence une situation épidémiologique instable pour les hémoparasitoses, contrainte majeure à l'élevage des ruminants. Les objectifs à long terme prévoient de ramener de façon pérenne les populations d'insectes piqueurs à un niveau compatible avec de bonnes performances zootechniques et une situation épidémiologique stable. Les perspectives de cette lutte bilogique menée à la Réunion résident dans sa diversification : mise en place de piège (lutte mécanique), modification des pratiques culturales (lutte environnementale), lutte biologique contre les tiques et réseau d'entomosurveillance ainsi que dans l'intensification de cette lutte intégrée

Microglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis

Microglia (MG), the brain-resident macrophages, play major roles in health and disease via a diversity of cellular states. While embryonic MG display a large heterogeneity of cellular distribution and transcriptomic states, their functions remain poorly characterized. Here, we uncovered a role for MG in the maintenance of structural integrity at two fetal cortical boundaries. At these boundaries between structures that grow in distinct directions, embryonic MG accumulate, display a state resembling post-natal axon-tract-associated microglia (ATM) and prevent the progression of microcavities into large cavitary lesions, in part via a mechanism involving the ATM-factor Spp1. MG and Spp1 furthermore contribute to the rapid repair of lesions, collectively highlighting protective functions that preserve the fetal brain from physiological morphogenetic stress and injury. Our study thus highlights key major roles for embryonic MG and Spp1 in maintaining structural integrity during morphogenesis, with major implications for our understanding of MG functions and brain development.</p

Development of core competencies for field veterinary epidemiology training programs

A workforce with the adequate field epidemiology knowledge, skills and abilities is the foundation of a strong and effective animal health system. Field epidemiology training is conducted in several countries to meet the increased global demand for such a workforce. However, core competencies for field veterinary epidemiology have not been identified and agreed upon globally, leading to the development of different training curricula. Having a set of agreed core competencies can harmonize field veterinary epidemiology training. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) initiated a collective, iterative, and participative process to achieve this and organized two expert consultative workshops in 2018 to develop core competencies for field veterinary epidemiology at the frontline and intermediate levels. Based on these expert discussions, 13 competencies were identified for the frontline and intermediate levels. These competencies were organized into three domains: epidemiological surveillance and studies; field investigation, preparedness and response; and One Health, communication, ethics and professionalism. These competencies can be used to facilitate the development of field epidemiology training curricula for veterinarians, adapted to country training needs, or customized for training other close disciplines. The competencies can also be useful for mentors and employers to monitor and evaluate the progress of their mentees, or to guide the selection process during the recruitment of new staff

Lutte biologique conttre les stomoxes des bovins à La Réunion (l'exemple du " POSEIDOM vétérinaire ")

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF