Workplace Protection for LGBT. What Is Been Said by the International System?

Las personas lesbianas, gays, bisexuales o transgénero (LGBT) luchan actualmente por el reconocimiento de derechos civiles y políticos en muchos lugares del mundo. Sin ese piso de protección legal, pensar en derechos económicos, sociales y culturales es en muchas ocasiones una utopía. Bajo esta realidad, el lugar de trabajo se ha convertido en uno de los espacios donde más discriminación y dificultades para el goce de derechos sufre la comunidad LGBT. El sistema de protección de derechos humanos se nutre principalmente de lo desarrollado por los tratados de derechos humanos, los comités de monitoreo y las agencias especializadas. Actualmente no existe un tratado para proteger los derechos de las personas LGBT, sin embargo avances interpretativos y desarrollos no vinculantes construidos por los Estados, han incentivado una nueva protección a los derechos más allá del contenido literal del texto normativo, lo que supone un avance para el derecho al trabajo de los trabajadores LGBT.The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people (LGBT) is currently fighting for the recognition of civil and political rights in many parts of the world. Without that legal protection, thinking on economic, social and cultural rights is often a utopia. Under this situation, the workplace has become one of the places where most discrimination occurs and difficulties in the enjoyment of rights are widely experienced by the LGBT community. Human rights treaties, monitoring committees and specialized agencies, develop the system of human rights protection. Currently there is no treaty to protect the rights of LGBT people; however interpretative advances and non-binding developments built by the States have encouraged new rights protection beyond the literal content of the regulatory text that represents a progress for the right to work for LGBT workers

Planeamiento de la Federación Peruana de Fútbol y competitividad deportiva

Describe las características del planeamiento implementado por la Federación Peruana de Fútbol y el nivel de competitividad de la selección nacional y de los equipos profesionales. Para ello fue necesario describir los elementos del planeamiento estratégico, analizar en qué medida los directores técnicos, entrenadores y preparadores físicos elaboran y ejecutan planes de pretemporada, analizar la coordinación entre los entes del fútbol, los recursos económicos que cuenta la FPF, compararlo con el resto del mundo y describir si existe apoyo de las competencias inherentes al estado.This research was conducted in the Peruvian Soccer Federation taking as parameters it's planning, the contribution of the government and professional clubs during the period from 2004 to 2008; the research objective is to describe the characteristics of the planning implemented by the Peruvian Soccer Federation and the competitiveness of the national and professional teams. lt was necessary to describe the elements of the strategic planning, considering how far the technical directors, coaches and trainers develop and implement pre-season plans, analyze the level of coordination between the soccer authorities, to analyze the economic resources of the FPF and compare them with the rest of the world and describe if there ís support of the competen ces inherent to the government. The study was justified by having a theoretical value which corroborated the proposal of París, Thiess, Tschiene and Nickel, who argue that strategic planning affects the competitiveness as well as has relevance in the values of the society and science focused on sports. Methodologically the research work is approached from the perspective of a scope exploratory descríptive study, wíth the applícation of a non-experimental design, where the non probabilistic sample is composed of 99 persons (Representatives, coaches, trainers, players and personnel). The techniques used are: documentary analysis, Likert scale questionnaire, mixedquestions questionnaire and interviews, which were validated by expert opinion and its reliability was determined by triangulation of data and the alpha was worth Crombach 0,913. Concluding that the Peruvian Soccer Federation and professional clubs do not have a strategic plan; the planning is annual, empirical and non professional, the coaching staffs have received a very limited training on strategic planning. The coordination between the FPF and the ADFP is very basic and with the IPD is zero. The national soccer team and the professional soccer teams have very low competitive levels

Entanglement entropy in cubic gravitational theories

We derive the holographic entanglement entropy functional for a generic gravitational theory whose action contains terms up to cubic order in the Riemann tensor, and in any dimension. This is the simplest case for which the so-called splitting problem manifests itself, and we explicitly show that the two common splittings present in the literature — minimal and non-minimal — produce different functionals. We apply our results to the particular examples of a boundary disk and a boundary strip in a state dual to 4- dimensional Poincaré AdS in Einsteinian Cubic Gravity, obtaining the bulk entanglement surface for both functionals and finding that causal wedge inclusion is respected for both splittings and a wide range of values of the cubic couplingS

REPERCUSIÓN DE LA PIEZA DE MANO DE ALTA VELOCIDAD EN LA CAPACIDAD AUDITIVA EN ODONTÓLOGOS DEL CERCADO DE TACNA 2007

El profesional en odontología está expuesto a numerosos ruidos de diversa procedencia en su lugar de trabajo. Sin duda alguna, el de mayor preocupación es el producido por el instrumental rotatorio de alta velocidad. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido establecer las características de las piezas de mano de alta velocidad, determinar la capacidad auditiva en los odontólogos para luego relacionar el ruido generado por las piezas de mano de alta velocidad con la capacidad auditiva. Se eligió inicialmente una cohorte expuesto al factor de riesgo y finalmente una cohorte no expuesta para reforzar la validez interna de la investigación. El grupo de estudio formado por setenta odontólogos que laboran en el cercado de Tacna. Se aplico a cada uno de los odontólogos un cuestionario con preguntas formuladas de tal manera que revelaron datos específicos, en relación a la velocidad de las piezas de mano que ha empleado y emplea, el tipo de pieza de mano, así como los tiempos de funcionamiento que tuvo y tiene cada una de ellas. En cada persona se realizó una audiometría de rutina con el audiómetro tonal portátil ampliad 151 IEC (AMPLAID, MILAN. IRALIA), calibrado según normas ISO 389-1975 YANSIS3. 6-1969. los audiogramas de tonos puros fueron recogidos por el oído izquierdo y el derecho en forma independiente. La evaluación audiológica evaluó los umbrales de conducción aérea a 125, 250, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 y 8000 Hz. La audiometría de umbrales de conducción ósea se realizó en aquellos casos donde se vio indicada. Los datos obtenidos se trataron estadísticamente mediante el programa informático. El análisis estadístico ha contado con estadística descriptiva (media aritmética, máximo y mínimo, Chi cuadrado y ODDS ratio). Resultados: Las piezas de mano de alta velocidad utilizada por los odontólogos son las semi silenciosas (57.15%) y con una velocidad predominante categorizada como intermedia alta con un 97.4 %. Así mismo son las piezas de "Kavo" las más utilizadas (22.09%>) y han predominado los periodos de utilización de entre I a 3 años y se exponen generalmente entre 2 a 4 horas diarias al ruido de las piezas de mano de alta velocidad con un 61.43% no existiendo una variación significativa a los grupos etareos pero se repite esta constante mayormente en los odontólogos de 40 a 44 años de edad con un 20%. En general el 74.14% de odontólogos presentan hipoacusia neurosensorial comprendidos mayormente entre 40 a 50 años con un 42.86%. Los odontólogos examinados por vía aérea presentan hipoacusia neurosensorial leve en su mayoría siendo la afección bilateral la más predominante con un 43% y esto se presentó frente a sonidos de alta frecuencia siendo el mayor a 4000 Hz con un 2 7.34%

CÁNCER ORAL: EPIDEMIOLOGIA Y DIAGNÓSTICO

El estomatólogo, cirujano dentista u odontólogo, debe ser el protagonista en la educación, prevención y diagnóstico de las condiciones preneoplásicas y lesiones CÁNCER ORAL: EPIDEMIOLOGIA Y DIAGNÓSTICO neoplásicas del complejo bucal en las poblaciones o en individuos dependientes de su acción de salud. Nadie es capaz de cuestionar el importante papel del estomatólogo en la identificación temprana de las neoplasias malignas de la bucofaringe. El dominio de la afección oncológica bucal por el estomatólogo requiere de una actitud cognoscitiva, acorde con la problemática crucial de la lesión que más crudamente margina a un sujeto de su medio social. Esta primordial labor del estomatólogo no admite alternativas de superficialidad, ni ensayos teoricistas que impliquen limitaciones. En el adecuado nivel de prevención, el estomatólogo debe poseer un adiestramiento suficiente cuya dinámica de trabajo le permita descubrir cualquier condición preneoplásica o lesión maligna clínica e identificar los signos de posibles alteraciones premonitorias de una malignidad preclínica

Analysis of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in seagrass-oscillatory flow interaction

The aquatic vegetation is ubiquitous worldwide, from low temperature areas to tropical shallow coastal zones (Van Der Heide et al., 2007). These ecosystems provide a productive life cyle being the habitat for many marine animal species (Marion et al., 2014). At the coastal region, the aquatic vegetation (seagrass) attenuates the currents, dissipates the wave height and stabilises the coastlines (Maxwell et al., 2017; Pinsky et al., 2013) being considered as a soft system to reduce the risk of ooding and erosion under sea level rise and extreme wave events (Ondiviela et al., 2014). Based on the above described services, estimations of economical annual values provided by the aquatic vegetations is over $10 trillion (Nepf, 2013). Control _eld studies such as those by Schanz et al. (2002); Schanz and Asmus (2003) demonstrate the interdependence between the hydrodynamic and biological processes, since there is a cascading e_ect in which for a speci_c ow conditions, di_erent species can live and proliferate within the seagrass meadows or be washed away, depending on the energetic wave conditions and seagrass density. Regarding the interaction between the submerged seagrass and the surrounding ow, it is well known that the presence of the seagrass canopies attenuate the momentum by the work done on the ow by the stems (Finnigan, 2000). The e_ects in the velocity _eld can be di_erentiated and thus studied in terms of scales; 1) processes with spatial scales of the order of the stem diameter or spacing between stems; and 2) processes with scales of the order of the drag length scale. The turbulent structures at the scale of the stems are called wake scales and are produced by the shadow zone downstream the stems (Nepf, 2012; Zhang et al., 2018). Turbulent processes at the drag length scale are governed by the density of the canopy and the ow dynamics (Nepf, 2012). These processes modulate the water renewal between the water inside and above the canopy and the amount of suspended sediments along the water column (Luhar and Nepf, 2013). The turbulent processes at the drag length scale can be analysed as a plane mixing layer by two co-owing streams that present a shear layer at the top of the canopy (Raupach et al., 1996). This shear-layer-ow is characterized by an inexion point in the velocity pro_le (two water bodies moving at di_erent velocities), responsable for the vertical mass exchange at the top of the canopy (Ghisalberti and Nepf, 2009). The shear layer facilitates the generation of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability type vortex (Ghisalberti and Nepf, 2002). The Kelvin-Helmholtz type vortex has been widely studied in steady ows (Raupach et al., 1996; Finnigan, 2000; Ghisalberti and Nepf, 2002; Nepf, 2012; Mandel et al., 2017), characterizing its e_ect on the seagrass movement, the Reynolds stresses, the sediment distribution, the vertical mixing and the free surface. However, the formation and e_ect of Kelvin-Helmholtz type vortices in the wave oscillatory ow is still far to be completly understood. Indeed, it is still not clear which are the dominant terms in the Navier-Stokes equations for the oscillatory-seagrass-ow interaction. Ghisalberti and Schlosser (2013) reported some \`necessary" conditions in the ow in order to produce Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities; Abdolahpour et al. (2017) analysed a steady current released by the presence of the shear layer and its relation with the shear layer magnitude and Abdolahpour et al. (2018) used the seagrass-steady-ow interaction formulation of Ghisalberti and Nepf (2002) to estimate the Kelvin-Helmholtz frequency range in oscillatory ows. The evolution of vortices downstream submerged structures in oscillatory dominant ows is assumed to be dissipated by the viscosity and the e_ects on the wave breaking process have not been yet analysed. Indeed, a theoretical model to solve the Kelvin- Helmholtz instability modes as a function of the free surface and a general characterization of the turbulent spectra is an open question that will provide new insights in order to improve models and simulations of relevant hydrodynamic processes at coastal scale. The aim of this Thesis is to understand the relation between the free surface frequency and the Kelvin-Helmtholtz instability modes in seagrass-oscillatory-ow interaction. For this, I will _rst analyze the e_ects of a vortex by an isolated submerged stem interacting with a surface wave. Then, I develop an analytical model to determine the dominant terms in the momentum equation in seagrass-oscillatory-ow interaction. Finally I close the scienti_c question by solving the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability modes in seagrass-oscillatory ow interaction as a function of the free surface wave applying the Piecewise method to a simpli_ed velocity pro_le. This thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 2 analyses the e_ects of backwards wave breaking process induced by a strong transport of mass in a vortex produced by an isolated submerged stem. In chapter 3, a simpli_ed seagrass-oscillatory-ow model is developed by dimensional analysis of the Navier-Stokes equation. Here, some reference variables are de_ned according to the free surface wave parameters . The vali dation of the simpli_ed model is performed against experimental data from a ap type wavemaker system and a random seagrass distribution. Finally, chapter 4 presents a theoretical model for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability modes as a function of the incoming free surface wave. The model applies the piecewise linear method to the Rayleigh's equation in an ideliazed vertical velocity pro_le. It is important to remark that this thesis is composed by three papers: Chapter 2 has been published in the Ocean Engineering Journal, Chapter 3 is in _nal revisión for the Experiments in Fluids Journal and Chapter 4 is under review for the Journal of Fluid Mechanics.Doctorad

Elisa Ayala Gonzales en la historia de la literatura ecuatoriana.

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El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el Derecho

The author examines the relationship between artificial intelligence —as well as the different technologies derived from it— and Law as we know it today. He explores the most recent legal dilemmas related to growing and increasingly advanced technology. The imminent challenge to various basic concepts and principles of law, as well as the future of lawyers’ role are urgent questions, which the author includes in this article.El autor examina la relación de la inteligencia artificial —así como las diferentes tecnologías derivadas de ésta— con el Derecho como lo conocemos hoy. Explora los recientes dilemas surgidos en el Derecho con relación a una tecnología creciente y cada vez más avanzada. El desafío inminente a diversos conceptos y principios básicos del Derecho, así como el futuro del rol del abogado, son interrogantes urgentes que el autor visita en el presente artículo