IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 gene variants are associated with obesity-related risk phenotypes in Brazilian children and adolescents.

Association studies of genetic variants and obesity and/or obesity-related risk factors have yielded contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the IGF2, LEPR, POMC, PPARG, and PPARGC1 genes with obesity or obesity-related risk phenotypes. This case-control study assessed overweight (n=192) and normal-weight (n=211) children and adolescents. The SNPs were analyzed using minisequencing assays, and variables and genotype distributions between the groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson?s chi-square or Fisher?s exact tests. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for selected phenotype risks in each group. No difference in SNP distribution was observed between groups. In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). In adolescents, IGF2 rs680(A) was associated with higher glucose (P=0.012) and higher risk in overweight adolescents for altered insulin (OR=10.08, P=0.005) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR=6.34, P=0.010). PPARG rs1801282(G) conferred a higher risk of altered insulin (OR=12.31, P=0.003), and HOMA-IR (OR=7.47, P=0.005) in overweight adolescents. PARGC1 rs8192678(A) was associated with higher triacylglycerols (P=0.005), and LEPR rs1137101(A) was marginally associated with higher LDL cholesterol (P=0.017). LEPR rs1137101(A) conferred higher risk for altered insulin, and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescents. The associations observed in this population suggested increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and/or type 2 diabetes later in life for individuals carrying these allele

Anthropometric measurements and obesity diagnosis in schoolchildren.

To evaluate whether anthropometric methods such as arm muscle area, armfat area, Rohrer index, conicity index, and waist-to-height ratio and the commonly usedbody mass index method are suitable for obesity screening in a multiethnic paediatric pop-ulation

Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance are related to body fat in primary and secondary schoolchildren : the Ouro Preto study.

Purpose Evidence suggests that plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance are related to body fat (BF). We aimed to assess the relationship between RBP4 and insulin resistance with obesity in a mixed (skin color) cohort of the Brazilian population. Methods A nested case?control study was conducted in 227 schoolchildren aged 7?14 years. Schoolchildren with a high BF percentage (% BF, C 30 for girls and C 25 for boys) were identified as the obese group (n = 137), and those with lower values were identified as the non-obese group (n = 90). Percentage of body fat (% BF) was determined by tetrapolar bioimpedance (Quantum II, RJL System), RBP4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Immunology Consultants Laboratory), plasma fasting insulin by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Access Immunoassay System) and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model insulin resistance (IRHOMA) index. Serum lipid profile and arterial blood pressure were evaluated. Results The significant independent risk factors associated with obesity were as follows: male sex, increased serum LDL-C, RBP4 and IRHOMA. Among children with higher RBP4, the association with obesity increased significantly (from 3.1 to 8.5) in the presence of insulin resistance, when compared to higher RBP4 and non-insulin resistance. Conclusion IRHOMA and RBP4 showed significant associations with obesity and traditional CVD risk factors. They might therefore be used as a marker for CVD risk and have clinical implications in the development of comorbidities associated with obesity

Clustered cardiovascular risk factors are associated with inflammatory markers in adolescents.

Background: Clusters of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between classic CVR factor clusters and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Measurements included anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters and selected inflammatory markers in 487 adolescents (236 boys/251 girls; 12.06 ? 1.41 years). Results: After stratifying the population by gender and adjusting for potential confounding variables, principal component analysis was performed and it produced 5 independent components in both genders: adiposity, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/triacylglycerols (TG), and cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein. Glucose metabolism was inversely associated with interleukin-1? (IL-1?) in both genders ( r = ?0.026; r = ?0.021); blood pressure was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in girls ( r = ?0.046); HDL/TG was positively associated with interleukin-6 in girls ( r = 0.012), with IL-1? ( r = 0.010) TNF-? ( r = 0.045) in boys, and inversely associated with adiponectin in both genders ( r = ?0.015; r = ?0.013). Conclusion: The results suggest that lipid metabolism alterations, as potential early events in the development of CVDs, have a strong link to the inflammatory process, in contrast to other clusters of risk factors

La asociaci?n de la vaspina con la resistencia a la insulina est? relacionada con la actividad f?sica y la grasa corporal en adolescentes brasile?os. Un estudio transversal.

Background: Vaspin is a newly-identifi ed adipocytokine associated with insulin resistance (IR). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between plasma vaspin concentrations and IR and determine whether this association is affected by body composition, physical activity and pubertal stage in adolescents. Methods: Were studied 484 Brazilian adolescents aged 10?14 years whose anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle measurements were analized. We evaluated the correlation between vaspin and risk factors for IR in adolescents with normal and high body fat percentage (%BF) and did a logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio for IR according to vaspin quartiles sex specifi c for the sample. Results: Vaspin was positively correlated with IR in adolescents with high %BF (r = 0.23, p = 0.003). The logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, BMI, and pubertal stage showed that adolescents in the 2nd (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.23-0.80, p = 0.008) and 3rd (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.25-0.85, p = 0.014) quartile of vaspin concentration had a lower risk for IR. When the model was adjusted for %BF and physical activity, the association remained statically signifi cant only for adolescents in the 2nd quartile. Conclusion: Vaspin was correlated positively with risk factors associated with insulin metabolism in adolescents with high %BF. Vaspin was associated with a reduced risk of IR independently of BMI and pubertal stage and the association was infl uenced by body fat and physical activity in these adolescents.Introducci?n: la vaspina es una adipocitoquina recientemente identifi cada que confi ere resistencia a la insulina (IR). Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la correlaci?n entre las concentraciones plasm?ticas de vaspina y la IR para determinar si esta asociaci?n se ve afectada por la composici?n corporal, la actividad f?sica y la etapa de la pubertad en los adolescentes. M?todos: fueron analizados las medidas antropom?tricas, cl?nicas, bioqu?micas y el estilo de vida de 484 adolescentes brasile?os de entre 10 y 14 a?os. Se evalu? la correlaci?n entre los factores de riesgo para vaspina e IR en los adolescentes con porcentaje de grasa corporal normal y alto (%CG) e hicimos una regresi?n log?stica para calcular el cociente de probabilidad del IR de acuerdo con los cuartiles de vaspina para la muestra, con respecto al sexo. Resultados: la vaspina se correlacion? positivamente con IR en adolescentes con alto %CG (r = 0,23; p = 0,003). El an?lisis de regresi?n log?stica ajustada por sexo, edad, ?ndice de masa corporal y etapa puberal mostr? que los adolescentes en el segundo (OR = 0,43; IC del 95% = desde 0,23 hasta 0,80, p = 0,008) y tercer (OR = 0,46; IC del 95% = 0,25-0,85, p = 0,014) cuartil de concentraci?n de vaspina ten?an un menor riesgo de IR. Cuando el modelo se ajust? para %GC y actividad f?sica, la asociaci?n sigui? siendo estad?sticamente signifi cativa solo para los adolescentes en el segundo cuartil. Conclusi?n: la vaspina se correlacion? positivamente con los factores de riesgo asociados con el metabolismo de la insulina en los adolescentes con alto %GC. Asimismo, se asoci? con un menor riesgo de IR independientemente del ?ndice de masa corporal y de etapa de la pubertad, y la asociaci?n estuvo infl uenciada por la grasa corporal y la actividad f?sica en estos adolescentes