Semantic Scene Graph Generation Based on an Edge Dual Scene Graph and Message Passing Neural Network

Along with generative AI, interest in scene graph generation (SGG), which comprehensively captures the relationships and interactions between objects in an image and creates a structured graph-based representation, has significantly increased in recent years. However, relying on object-centric and dichotomous relationships, existing SGG methods have a limited ability to accurately predict detailed relationships. To solve these problems, a new approach to the modeling multiobject relationships, called edge dual scene graph generation (EdgeSGG), is proposed herein. EdgeSGG is based on a edge dual scene graph and Dual Message Passing Neural Network (DualMPNN), which can capture rich contextual interactions between unconstrained objects. To facilitate the learning of edge dual scene graphs with a symmetric graph structure, the proposed DualMPNN learns both object- and relation-centric features for more accurately predicting relation-aware contexts and allows fine-grained relational updates between objects. A comparative experiment with state-of-the-art (SoTA) methods was conducted using two public datasets for SGG operations and six metrics for three subtasks. Compared with SoTA approaches, the proposed model exhibited substantial performance improvements across all SGG subtasks. Furthermore, experiment on long-tail distributions revealed that incorporating the relationships between objects effectively mitigates existing long-tail problems

Axial strain dependence of all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters

We report the axial strain dependence of two types of all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters based on flexural and torsional acoustic waves. Experimental observation of the resonant wavelength shift under applied axial strain could be explained by theoretical consideration of the combination of acoustic and optical effects. We discuss the possibility of suppressing the strain effect in the filters, or conversely, the possibility of using the strain dependence for wavelength tuning or strain sensors

Bintrafusp Alfa, a Bifunctional Fusion Protein Targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant or Refractory to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Bintrafusp alfa; Bifunctional; Non-small cell lung cancerBintrafusp alfa; Bifuncional; Càncer de pulmó de cèl·lules no petitesBintrafusp alfa; Bifuncional; Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñasBackground Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of transforming growth factor beta receptor II (a TGF-β “trap”) fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). We report the efficacy and safety in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that progressed following anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Materials and Methods In this expansion cohort of NCT02517398—a global, open-label, phase I trial—adults with advanced NSCLC that progressed following chemotherapy and was primary refractory or had acquired resistance to anti-PD-(L)1 treatment received intravenous bintrafusp alfa 1200 mg every 2 weeks until confirmed progression, unacceptable toxicity, or trial withdrawal. The primary endpoint was best overall response (by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 adjudicated by independent review committee); secondary endpoints included safety. Results Eighty-three eligible patients (62 [74.7%] treated with ≥3 prior therapies) received bintrafusp alfa. Four patients (3 primary refractory, 1 acquired resistant) had confirmed partial responses (objective response rate, 4.8%; 95% CI, 1.3%-11.9%), and 9 had stable disease. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was not associated with response. Nineteen patients (22.9%) experienced grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events, most commonly asthenia (3 [3.6%]) and fatigue, eczema, and pruritus (2 each [2.4%]). One patient had grade 4 amylase increased. One patient died during treatment for pneumonia before initiation of bintrafusp alfa. Conclusion Although the primary endpoint was not met, bintrafusp alfa showed some clinical activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated NSCLC, including prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. Tumor responses occurred irrespective of whether disease was primary refractory or had acquired resistance to prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.This study was funded by Merck (CrossRef Funder ID: 10.13039/100009945) and was previously part of an alliance between Merck and GlaxoSmithKline, in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines (http://www.ismpp.org/gpp3)