67 research outputs found
A CrossâSectional Survey of Research Involvement and Interest among Graduate Dietetics Students
Background: Dietitians are not frequently participating in or leading research. Cultivating greater research interest and involvement starts with dietetics education, but little is known about dietetics studentsâ research involvement and interest. This study examines relationships between research involvement and interest among graduate dietetics students. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey design incorporating participant characteristic data, the Practice-Based Dietitian Research Involvement Survey (PBDRIS), and the modified Interest in Research Questionnaire (IRQ) tools; 89 of 327 (27.2%) graduate dietetic students from 3 US universities were included. Participant characteristics, PBDRIS scores, and IRQ scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Relationships between variables were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation depending on data distribution. Results: Among participants, the median age was 35.0, 92.5% were female, and 70.8% were registered dietitians. The mean PBDRIS total score was 47.4 ± 10.9, and the median IRQ score was 66.0 (56.0, 75.0). Post-professional doctorate students had a significantly higher PBDRIS total score than pre-professional masterâs students (P=0.002). There were significantly higher median IRQ scores among post-professional masterâs and doctorate students than pre-professional masterâs students (P\u3c0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). A moderate, positive correlation was found between PBDRIS total score and IRQ score (P\u3c0.001). Conclusion: Research involvement is higher in post-professional doctorate students than in pre-professional masterâs students. Research interest is higher in post-professional masterâs and doctorate students compared to pre-professional masterâs students. The pre-professional dietetics research curriculum should be strengthened to cultivate research interest and involvement
The effect of oral nutrition supplements and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric cancer patients: A systematic review
The objective of this study was to identify the use and impact of oral nutrition supplements (ONSs) and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric patients diagnosed with malignancy. We performed a literature search of trials using Medline PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and included all prospective studies except review articles and case-reports/series that assessed ONSs or appetite stimulants among patients (0-20 years old) diagnosed with a pediatric malignancy. Databases were searched through May 17, 2022. There were six trials included with three studies related to ONS and the remaining on appetite stimulants. No studies that compared both ONS and appetite stimulants were found. To assess quality, we used the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions and the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials depending on the study design. The studies all had pediatric patients diagnosed with a variety of malignancy types. All studies demonstrated improvement of weight status in the treatment group across various malignancy types. However, none of the studies addressed nutrition intakes outside of ONS consumption, compliance to ONSs, or frequency of ONS use. Despite the short durations (3-6 months) and significant differences in the timing of intervention initiation (ONS or appetite stimulants), these treatment modalities can improve weight status. Further research is needed to identify the best intervention for improving weight status
Exploration of plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure among women who are post-menopause
Research suggests that adiponectin, leptin, and genetic polymorphisms such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may play an integral role in blood pressure status and thereby cardiovascular health. This is an area especially important for women who are post-menopause; however, the current literature investigating these associations is limited. This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data (N 237) from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT). The current study explored the relationships between plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure measures. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were obtained after an overnight fast of at least 10 h and were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The relationships were analysed using multiple linear regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Effect modifications by age, body mass index (BMI) category, blood pressure category, antihypertensive medication use, and COMT genotype were also investigated. The majority of participants were non-Hispanic (97â
9Â %) and Caucasian (94â
9Â %). Mean (sd) age and BMI were 60â
7 (5â
0) years and 28â
2 (2â
9) kg/m2, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, neither plasma adiponectin, plasma leptin nor COMT genotype was associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure measures. The results of stratified analyses also did not reveal any significant interactions or associations. Based on the findings of this study, which utilised more rigorous statistical methods than previous research, neither adiponectin, leptin nor COMT genotype play a role in blood pressure measures in women who are post-menopause
2005 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards and Guidelines Survey
An online survey about the use and format of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Standards and Guidelines documents was conducted. The survey was sent to A.S.P.E.N. members, and an acceptable number of responses were received (470, or 9% of those surveyed). Most respondents indicated an overall satisfaction with the standards and guidelines and suggested format changes, many of which will be incorporated into future guidelines and standards. The results of this survey are presented here for general interest. Changes in the process with which A.S.P.E.N. produces standards and guidelines are discussed
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