The Effect of Home Exercise Programs for Rotator Cuff Strengthening on Pain, Range of Motion, Disability Level, and Quality of Life in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: Stretch-oriented home exercise programs are often used as treatments for patients with adhesive capsulitis; however, there is lack of research on home exercise programs to strengthen rotator cuffs. Objects: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening on pain, range of motion (ROM), disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Twenty-two patients with adhesive capsulitis volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). For the experimental group, manual therapy and home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening were applied for 6 weeks; for the control group, only manual therapy was applied for 6 weeks. Shoulder pain (quadruple visual analogue scale, QVAS), ROM, disability (shoulder pain and disability index-Korean version, SPADI), and quality of life (world health organization quality of life scale-Korean version, WHOQOL-BREF) were evaluated at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks of intervention. The changes in the measurement variables were analyzed by using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences were observed between the experimental group and control group in the QVAS; SPADI-pain scores; SPADI-disability scores; SPADI-total scores; flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint; and WHOQOLBREF total, overall, physical health, and psychological scores. All groups displayed statistically significant improvements as observed in the QVAS, SPADI, flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation ROM of the glenohumeral joint, and WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusion: Home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening had a positive impact on shoulder pain, shoulder ROM, disability level, and quality of life in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Therefore, we propose the use of home exercise programs for rotator cuff strengthening in the exercise rehabilitation of patients with adhesive capsulitis

Pool boiling performance of TiO2 superhydrophilic and Teflon superhydrophobic surfaces on evenly deposited copper frustums

The miniaturization of electronic devices with ever-increasing functionalities inevitably results in greater thermal load on the devices. Hence, pool boiling, which utilizes the powerful latent heat of vaporization, is introduced as an effective method to manage severe thermal loads on miniaturized electronics. Hydrophobic surfaces tend to augment sufficient nucleation sites via roughening or low surface energy, while hydrophilic surfaces are prone to ample liquid supply, thus facilitating rapid bubble release and preventing surface dry-out. Herein, we compared the heat removal performance of TiO2-coated superhydrophilic and Teflon-coated superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by aerosol deposition and supersonic spraying, respectively. TiO2 and Teflon particles were deposited on evenly patterned frustums. The resolution of the frustum is categorized as no-frustum, coarse, medium, or fine. We found that the surface wettability had little effect on the critical heat flux (CHF) for the no-frustum and fine cases. However, the CHF and effective heat transfer coefficient (heff) of the superhydrophilic surface increased considerably in the medium case. For the superhydrophobic surface, the presence of frustum deteriorated the pool boiling performance. Frustum texturing enhanced the pool boiling performance by increasing the number of nucleation sites and pathways of fresh liquid supply for the bare and superhydrophilic surfaces, but not for the superhydrophobic surface

Natural convection in vertical solar heat collector nanotextured with reduced graphene oxide and silver nanowires

In this study, a vertical shaft is coated using silver nanowires (AgNWs) together with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via the supersonic spray-coating technique to enhance the absorption of solar radiative heat for use in solar air heaters. The rGO/AgNW-coated surface induces multiple light reflections, similar to that in a perfect black body inside a Helmholtz jar, thus enhancing the collection of solar radiation. Air fed into the vertical heated shaft ascends owing to buoyancy. The air temperature difference, ΔT, between the outlet and inlet is measured for various mass flow rates to quantify the heat transferred to the air from the solar-heated vertical shaft. The longitudinal air velocity and temperature distributions inside the shaft are numerically simulated using the fire dynamics simulator. Both two- and three-dimensional simulations are performed, and the results are compared with experimental data for various mass flow rates. The results confirm that the trends observed in both the experiments and simulations agree well for all cases. Multiple metal meshes are installed inside the vertical shaft to induce turbulence, which enhances the heat transfer intensity. This turbulence enhancement is confirmed via smoke visualization and infrared images

Corrigendum: Use of Synthetic Salmon GnRH and Domperidone (Ovaprim®) in Sharks: Preparation for ex situ Conservation (Frontiers in Marine Science, (2020), 7, (571741), 10.3389/fmars.2020.571741)

In the original article, there was an error. We have used the whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) for this study but wrote the species name incorrectly as the Oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus). Corrections have been made to the main text, Table, and Figures, and the supplementary material, simply substituting Carcharhinus longimanus to Triaenodon obesus, C. longimanus to T. obesus, and whitetip shark to whitetip reef shark.Y

Use of synthetic salmon GnRH and domperidone (Ovaprim®) in sharks: preparation for ex-situ conservation

Shark populations are constantly decreasing owing to environmental destruction and overfishing; thus, sharks are now at a risk of extinction, with 27.9% of shark species classified as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. Sharks are apex predators and a keystone species in balancing the marine food chain; their extinction will create an imbalance of the entire marine ecosystem. Assisted reproductive technology is the last resort for protecting animals facing severe extinction. Here, as a proactive effort toward building a hormone-induced artificial insemination protocol for endangered wild sharks, we identified the possibility of germ cell maturation by administration of Ovaprim(R), a commercially produced synthetic salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and calculated its optimum dosage and injection timing. The experiment was conducted on two shark species-Triakis scyllium and Carcharhinus longimanus. We found that intramuscular injections of 0.2 mL/kg of Ovaprim(R) for male T. scyllium and C. longimanus, 0.2 mL/kg + 0.5 mL/kg at a 24 h interval for female T. scyllium, and 0.2 mL/kg + 0.2 mL/kg or 0.2 mL/kg + 0.3 mL/kg at a 24 h interval for female C. longimanus were optimal dose protocols. These doses effectively induced the maturation and ovulation of oocytes and the release of semen. Our results confirm that Ovaprim(R) is a suitable tool for shark hormone-induced artificial insemination and indicate that this method may enable the conservation of the endangered shark species.Y

Heavy metal accumulation in and food safety of shark meat from Jeju island, Republic of Korea.

Shark meat is consumed as a food source worldwide, especially in Asian countries. However, since sharks are apex predators in the ocean food chain, they are prone to bioaccumulation of heavy metals. More than 100 million sharks are caught annually for human consumption, and the safety of shark meat cannot be overemphasized. Here, we examined heavy metal concentration in the muscle tissue of 6 shark species including 3 migratory species (Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus obscurus, and Isurus oxyrinchus) and 3 local species (Triakis scyllium, Mustelus manazo, and Cephaloscyllium umbratile) from fish markets in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The concentrations of 11 heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Hg) and MeHg were analyzed. The result showed that the average concentrations of all metals, except for that of As, were below the regulatory maximum limits of many organizations, including the Codex standard. Hg and MeHg were significantly correlated with body length, body weight, and age, and the concentration of Hg was expected to exceed the limit in C. brachyurus with a body length or weight of over 130 cm or 25 kg, respectively. Our results indicate that shark meat can expose consumers to a high level of As and that copper sharks bigger than the predicted size should be avoided for excessive Hg. Considering these findings, a detailed guideline on consumption of meat of different shark species should be suggested based on further investigation