Comparison of Volatile Compounds of Fresh Boletus edulis and B. pinophilus in Marmara Region of Turkey

Boletus edulis and B. pinophilus are commonly consumed edible species of Boletus spp. in Turkey, which are also exported to some European countries. In this study, twenty-three volatile compounds were determined with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction / Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC/MS) in both B. edulis and B. pinophilus. 1-octen-3-ol (79.75), 2-octen-1-ol (13.18), 1-octen-3-one (2.52), (E)-2-octenal (1.21) in B. edulis and 1-octen-3-ol (55.97), 2-octen-1-ol (13.55), 3-octanone (7.43), (E)-2-octenal (6.79), 1-octen-3-one (5.80) and 1,7,7-trimethyl-heptan-2-one (2.04), 2-propenoic acid (1.95) and 1,3-octadiene (1.75) in B. pinophilus were identified as main volatile aroma compounds (%), respectively. The present study is the first report on the volatile constituents of B. edulis and B. pinophilus collected from Turkey

Somatic embryogenesis of pepper in bioreactors: A study of bioreactor type and oxygen uptake rates

Somatic embryogenesis of pepper, Capsicum annuum var. Ace, was performed in an airlift bioreactor and a magnetically stirred hanging-stirrer-bar bioreactor, each with 1.8 l working volume. All stages of embryogenesis, from growth of embryogenic suspension cultures to embryo maturation, were performed in the bioreactor as a series of drain-and-fill batches, keeping the cells and embryos in the bioreactor all the time. When two bioreactors were compared in terms of percentage embryogenesis and visually observed quality of mixing, under different rates of aeration and stirring, the performance of the magnetically stirred bioreactor was better. The effects of inoculum type and inoculum level on the percentage embryogenesis were also investigated. Under the optimum conditions, embryogenesis was 98%, with 57 embryos/ml. Oxygen-uptake rates of cultures in different stages of embryogenesis were different, the highest being in the embryogenic suspension culture and the lowest during embryo maturation

Low temperature tolerance on pepper (Capsicum annum)

105th Annual Conference of the American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science -- JUL 21-24, 2008 -- Orlando, FLWOS: 000257416500346…Amer Soc Horticultural Sc

Artificial seeds of pepper somatic embryos

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700011Artificial seeds are a potential method for delivering somatic embryos to the field. Mature somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using different concentrations of sodium alginate (2-6%) and calcium chloride (25-100 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on the conversion frequency of somatic embryos, MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose was used far germination. Variability was obtained between sodium alginate and calcium cloride concentration with respect to % germination. Plant regeneration frequency decreased with an increase in sodium alginate concentration above 3%. 3% sodium alginate and 75 mM calcium chloride gave the best conversion and optimum bead rigidity and shape. In vitro and in vivo conversion of naked and encapsulated embryos were compared.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of pepper in liquid media

A protocol was developed for regeneration of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Ace) through somatic embryogenesis in liquid media. For embryogenic callus formation, mature zygotic embryo explants were used on basal Murashige and Skoog medium with 9.05 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3% sucrose. Embryogenic callus was transferred to liquid basal Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.52 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3% sucrose in order to increase the mass of the embryogenic culture. After pretreatment with potassium citrate, cells were placed into embryo initiation medium with 6 g l-1 L-proline and a decreased (10 mM) ammonium concentration. Embryos were matured in 1.89 µM abscisic acid containing half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium and converted into plants both in vivo and in vitro at up to a 97% efficiency

Large scale production of pepper somatic embryos using bioreactors

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700004Bioreactors can he used for large scale production of somatic embryos effectively as labour saving system. Two different types of bioreactor, an airlift and a magnetically stirred "hanging stirrer bar" bioreactor, each with 1.8 l working volume, and different mixing/aeration rates were examined to determine a system capable of in vitro pepper somatic embryo production. Production of pepper somatic embryos in a bioreactor was successful when a hanging stirrer bar bioreactor was used, Mixing, aeration, inoculum type and level affect directly the somatic embryogenesis in a bioreactor. The best results were obtained from hanging stirrer bar bioreactor at 0.45 vvm aeration and 80 rpm mixing rate in terms of percent embryogenesis. These results confirm that bioreactor culture offers promising aspects for large scale production.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis

Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts

The heat transfer and pressure drop were experimentally investigated in a coiled wire inserted tube in turbulent flow regime. The coiled wire has equilateral triangular cross section and was inserted separately from the tube wall. The experiments were carried out with three different pitch ratios (P/D = 1, 2 and 3) and two different ratio of equilateral triangle length side to tube diameter (a/D = 0.0714 and 0.0892) at a distance (s) of 1 mm from the tube wall in the range of Reynolds number from 3500 to 27,000. Uniform heat flux was applied to the external surface of the tube and air was selected as fluid. The experimental results obtained from a smooth tube were compared with those from the studies in literature for validation of experimental set-up. The use of coiled wire inserts leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and pressure drop over the smooth tube. The Nusselt number rises with the increase of Reynolds number and wire thickness and the decrease of pitch ratio. The highest overall enhancement efficiency of 36.5% is achieved for the wire with a/D = 0.0892 and P/D = 1 at Reynolds number of 3858. Consequently, the experimental results reveal that the best operating regime of all coiled wire inserts is detected at low Reynolds number, leading to more compact heat exchanger. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

The experimental investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop in a tube with coiled wire inserts placed separately from the tube wall

The paper presents the experimental investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop in a tube with coiled wire inserts placed separately from the tube wall in turbulent flow regime. The experiments were performed with a constant wire thickness of a = 6 mm, three different pitch ratios (P/D = 1, P/D = 2 and P/D = 3) and two different distances (s = 1 mm, s = 2 mm) at which the coiled wire inserts were placed separately from the tube wall. Uniform heat flux was applied to the external surface of the tube and Reynolds numbers varied from 4105 to 26 400 in the experiments. The experimental results obtained from a smooth tube were compared with those from the studies in literature for validation of experimental set up. The use of coiled wire inserts leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and pressure drop over the smooth tube. The Nusselt number and friction factor increase with decreasing pitch ratio (P/D) and distance (s) for coiled wire inserts. The highest overall enhancement efficiency of 50% was achieved for the coiled wire with P/D = 1 and s = 1 mm at Reynolds number of 4220. As a result, the experimental results reveal that using these coiled wire inserts are thermodynamically advantageous at all Reynolds numbers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

ARTIFICIAL SEEDS OF PEPPER SOMATIC EMBRYOS

1st International Symposium on Solanacea for Fresh Market -- MAR 28-31, 1995 -- MALAGA, SPAINWOS: 000071774700011Artificial seeds are a potential method for delivering somatic embryos to the field. Mature somatic embryos were encapsulated in calcium alginate gel using different concentrations of sodium alginate (2-6%) and calcium chloride (25-100 mM) in order to determine the effect of rigidity of bead on the conversion frequency of somatic embryos, MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose was used far germination. Variability was obtained between sodium alginate and calcium cloride concentration with respect to % germination. Plant regeneration frequency decreased with an increase in sodium alginate concentration above 3%. 3% sodium alginate and 75 mM calcium chloride gave the best conversion and optimum bead rigidity and shape. In vitro and in vivo conversion of naked and encapsulated embryos were compared.Int Soc Hort Sci, Spanish Soc Hort Sci, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Junta Andalucia, Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Plan Nacl Invest Cientif & Desarrollo Tecnol, Excma, Diputac Malaga, British Council, Cajas Rurales Granada & Malaga, Unicaja, MSD Agvet, Haifa Chem, Ferquis