Transnational organized corruption as a factor of social instability.

The article examines the scale of involvement of Transnational Organized Criminal Groups (TOCG) in committing acts of corruption, and their related criminal cooperation with Transnational Corporations (TNCs) 1 , as well as public relations in this sphere, in particular on the example of Ukraine. It suggests a solution to the problem of transnational corruption crime, in particular, applying the theory of social naturalism. The ultimate goal of the article is to analyze the problem of transnational corruption as a "factor of social instability" and to introduce this term into scientific circulation in this context. The article uses such methods of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, as well as philosophical and phenomenological methods. According to research, the mafia now operates on the same scale and as effectively as global corporate groups. Corporations can be compared with the governments of states in terms of their influence on the economy of the state and the adoption of appropriate decisions. The authors state that the measures taken by individual states to counter the pressure of powerful TNCs have not yet led to the achievement of these goals. Financial and industrial elites, in turn, with the help of TOCG, try to impose their own order on societies that are not yet ready due to differences in culture, history, laws, social order, mentality, etc. It is emphasized in the article that the level of transnational organized crime and corruption cannot yet be significantly reduced in local societies due to the fact that the goals of elites and certain states simply do not coincide. Nowadays we can note a significant number of symptoms, in particular - the existence of such a phenomenon as transnational corruption, which indicates that we have a crisis of social order in the world. The corruption used by the TNCs is a mandatory feature that allows, among other features, to distinguish transnational organized crime from other types of criminal activity. We can note such a feature of TOCG as a criminal symbiosis with TNCs, which is considered as a violation of public order that leads to a corresponding regression. Progress in minimizing transnational corruption can be achieved, in particular, with the help of social naturalism, through the application of the postulates of which it is possible to counteract the current manifestations of willfulness and illusions that exist today in all spheres of social life, including politics, economics, morality, religion, science, art, law, etc. The study proves that in the modern world, against the background of progressive changes, namely the development of new information technologies, in the economy, etc., there have been formed some trends in transnational crime including corruption that continue to deepen further and the given corruption indicates the phenomenon, which the authors define as a "factor of social instability"

Determination of svitchgras sprouting energy and seed germination

Svitchgras (Panicumv virgatum L.) is a new crop for Ukraine. But its cultivation on degraded lands is important in order the solid fuels to produce. Reproduction of this crop by seed is most favorable way. Svitchgras seed is characterized by a high state of calm and especially immediately after harvesting. Current methods for the quality of seed determining cannot be used to assess the intensity of Svitchgras germination, which is inherent in long dormancy. The article highlights the ways to determine the intensity of sprouting and period of accounting of Svitchgras sprouting energy and seed germination. Seed pre-cooling and its term are significantly influenced on the intensity of seed germination. During the four days cooling is provided intensity of germination increasing on the seventh day after sowing by the sprouting at a constant temperature of 20 °C on 15% compared with the control. During four days seed germination at variable temperature after pre-cooling on the 10th and subsequent dates of accounting the intensity of germination was significantly higher than the germination at a constant temperature, due to the influence of low temperature on resting state of seed. With the use of two methods the accounting date of sprouted seed that characterize its sprouting energy is determined. The basis is M.K. Fisova methodology of sprouting energy accounting period in which the vigor is determined by minimum number of days during of which the maximum number of culture seed is germinating. The 10th day after sowing is the term of Svitchgras seed energy of germination definition

The Structure of Polyvinyl Alcohol Adsorption Layers at Interfaces with Benzene in Connection with Stability of Concentrated Emulsions

Determination of PV A adsorbtion on interfaces between PV A and benzene was performed. Adsorbed layers are formed under dynamic conditions emulsions were prepared by vibrocomminution and ultrasonic dispergation). Adsorbtion data are used in calculation of the area per adsorbed molecule and the thickness of interfacial adsorpbtion layers. Adsorption isotherms are compared with rheological parameters of adsorbed layers. On the basis of reported data on the distribution of adsorbed segments of PV A molecules, the interfacial thickness of the adsorbed layer is estimated to be several hundreds of A in a fo rm of gel. The formation of the gel is a result of condensation and phase deemulgation which is in agreement with a similar mechanism of gel formation in solution with diffuse distribution of polymer segments in the adsorbed layer. It is shown that at least one monolayer must cover drops of benzene in order to obtain stable emulsions. Kinetic parameters and the energy of activation of coalescence are dependent on PV A adsorption