9,520 research outputs found
Quantum Mechanics as a Framework for Dealing with Uncertainty
Quantum uncertainty is described here in two guises: indeterminacy with its
concomitant indeterminism of measurement outcomes, and fuzziness, or
unsharpness. Both features were long seen as obstructions of experimental
possibilities that were available in the realm of classical physics. The birth
of quantum information science was due to the realization that such
obstructions can be turned into powerful resources. Here we review how the
utilization of quantum fuzziness makes room for a notion of approximate joint
measurement of noncommuting observables. We also show how from a classical
perspective quantum uncertainty is due to a limitation of measurability
reflected in a fuzzy event structure -- all quantum events are fundamentally
unsharp.Comment: Plenary Lecture, Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics, Turku
2009
Unsharp Quantum Reality
The positive operator (valued) measures (POMs) allow one to generalize the notion of observable beyond the traditional one based on projection valued measures (PVMs). Here, we argue that this generalized conception of observable enables a consistent notion of unsharp reality and with it an adequate concept of joint properties. A sharp or unsharp property manifests itself as an element of sharp or unsharp reality by its tendency to become actual or to actualize a specific measurement outcome. This actualization tendency-or potentiality-of a property is quantified by the associated quantum probability. The resulting single-case interpretation of probability as a degree of reality will be explained in detail and its role in addressing the tensions between quantum and classical accounts of the physical world will be elucidated. It will be shown that potentiality can be viewed as a causal agency that evolves in a well-defined way
Dark soliton past a finite-size obstacle
We consider the collision of a dark soliton with an obstacle in a
quasi-one-dimensional Bose condensate. We show that in many respects the
soliton behaves as an effective classical particle of mass twice the mass of a
bare particle, evolving in an effective potential which is a convolution of the
actual potential describing the obstacle. Radiative effects beyond this
approximation are also taken into account. The emitted waves are shown to form
two counterpropagating wave packets, both moving at the speed of sound. We
determine, at leading order, the total amount of radiation emitted during the
collision and compute the acceleration of the soliton due to the collisional
process. It is found that the radiative process is quenched when the velocity
of the soliton reaches the velocity of sound in the system
Vortex entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates coupled to Laguerre-Gauss beams
We study the establishment of vortex entanglement in remote and weakly
interacting Bose Einstein condensates. We consider a two-mode photonic resource
entangled in its orbital angular momentum (OAM) degree of freedom and, by
exploiting the process of light-to-BEC OAM transfer, demonstrate that such
entanglement can be efficiently passed to the matter-like systems. Our proposal
thus represents a building block for novel low-dissipation and long-memory
communication channels based on OAM. We discuss issues of practical
realizability, stressing the feasibility of our scheme and present an operative
technique for the indirect inference of the set vortex entanglement.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, RevTex
Vortex Dynamics in Anisotropic Traps
We investigate the dynamics of linear vortex lattices in anisotropic traps in
two-dimensions and show that the interplay between the rotation and the
anisotropy leads to a rich but highly regular dynamics.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Approximate joint measurement of qubit observables through an Arthur-Kelly type model
We consider joint measurement of two and three unsharp qubit observables
through an Arthur-Kelly type joint measurement model for qubits. We investigate
the effect of initial state of the detectors on the unsharpness of the
measurement as well as the post-measurement state of the system. Particular
emphasis is given on a physical understanding of the POVM to PVM transition in
the model and entanglement between system and detectors.Two approaches for
characterizing the unsharpness of the measurement and the resulting measurement
uncertainty relations are considered.The corresponding measures of unsharpness
are connected for the case where both the measurements are equally unsharp. The
connection between the POVM elements and symmetries of the underlying
Hamiltonian of the measurement interaction is made explicit and used to perform
joint measurement in arbitrary directions. Finally in the case of three
observables we derive a necessary condition for the approximate joint
measurement and use it show the relative freedom available when the observables
are non-orthogonal.Comment: 22 pages; Late
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