Fatores de risco de transtornos alimentares: revisão guarda-chuva de metanálises publicadas

Objetivo: Graduar as evidências sobre fatores de risco de transtornos alimentares (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica) com o método de revisão guarda-chuva. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais sobre fatores de risco de transtornos alimentares publicados no PubMed, PsycInfo, e Embase até 11 de dezembro de 2019. Recalculamos metanálises de efeitos aleatórios, heterogeneidade, efeito de estudo pequeno, viés de excesso de significância e intervalo de confiança de 95% e graduamos evidências significativas (p < 0,05) de convincentes a fracas, conforme os critérios estabelecidos. A qualidade foi avaliada com a ferramenta Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Resultados: Foram incluídas 9 das 2.197 metanálises, as quais apresentavam evidências de 50 fatores de risco, 29.272 sujeitos com transtornos alimentares e 1.679.385 controles. Embora não houvesse associação com evidências convincentes, evidências altamente sugestivas apoiaram a associação entre abuso sexual infantil e bulimia nervosa (k = 29, 1.103 casos com distúrbios alimentares, 8.496 controles, RC, 2,73, IC95% 1,96-3.79, p = 2,1x10-9, qualidade AMSTAR-2 moderada) e entre vitimização por provocação relacionada à aparência e quaisquer transtornos alimentares (k = 10, 1.341 casos com transtornos alimentares, 3.295 controles, RC 2,91, IC95% 2,05-4,12, p = 1,8x10-9, qualidade AMSTAR-2 moderada). Evidências sugestivas, fracas ou nenhuma evidência sustentaram 11, 29 e 8 associações, respectivamente. Conclusões: Evidência mais confiáveis indicam que eventos traumáticos e estressantes precoces são fatores de risco de transtornos alimentares. São necessários estudos de coorte colaborativos prospectivos maiores para identificar fatores de risco de transtornos alimentares, especialmente a anorexia nervos

Profiling of lung SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection dissects virus-specific host responses and gene signatures

BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in late 2019 has spread globally, causing a pandemic of respiratory illness designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A better definition of the pulmonary host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is required to understand viral pathogenesis and to validate putative COVID-19 biomarkers that have been proposed in clinical studies. METHODS: Here, we use targeted transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using the NanoString GeoMX platform to generate an in-depth picture of the pulmonary transcriptional landscape of COVID-19, pandemic H1N1 influenza and uninfected control patients. RESULTS: Host transcriptomics showed a significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, type I interferon production, coagulation and angiogenesis in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to non-infected controls. SARS-CoV-2 was non-uniformly distributed in lungs (emphasising the advantages of spatial transcriptomics) with the areas of high viral load associated with an increased type I interferon response. Once the dominant cell type present in the sample, within patient correlations and patient-patient variation, had been controlled for, only a very limited number of genes were differentially expressed between the lungs of fatal influenza and COVID-19 patients. Strikingly, the interferon-associated gene IFI27, previously identified as a useful blood biomarker to differentiate bacterial and viral lung infections, was significantly upregulated in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to patients with influenza. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these data demonstrate that spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool to identify novel gene signatures within tissues, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 to aid in patient triage and treatment.Arutha Kulasinghe, Chin Wee Tan, Anna Flavia Ribeiro dos Santos Miggiolaro, James Monkman, Habib SadeghiRad, Dharmesh D. Bhuva, Jarbas da Silva Motta Junior, Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula, Seigo Nagashima, Cristina Pellegrino Baena, Paulo Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Lucia de Noronha, Timothy McCulloch, Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi, Caroline Cooper, Benjamin Tang, Kirsty R. Short, Melissa J. Davis, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Gabrielle T. Belz, and Ken O, Byrn

The Human Affectome

Over the last decades, the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration of theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human affective phenomena (what they are and how they work) which, shaped by academic motivations and values, have determined the affective constructs and operationalizations. An assumption on the purpose of affective phenomena can be used as a teleological principle to guide the construction of a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions—a framework for human affective research. In this capstone paper for the special issue “Towards an Integrated Understanding of the Human Affectome”, we gather the tiered purpose of human affective phenomena to synthesize assumptions that account for human affective phenomena collectively. This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research

Structural Health Monitoring of a centenary iron arch bridge:2. Long-term dynamic monitoring and preliminary tests

Between June 2009 and March 2010, ambient vibration tests were performed at the San Michele bridge, which is a historic iron arch bridge, with a span of 266 m, completed in 1889 and still used as a combined road and rail bridge. These tests represented the first experimental survey carried out on the global characteristics of the bridge since the original static proof tests (1889-1892) and suggested the opportunity of installing a permanent dynamic monitoring system on the historic infrastructure with Structural Health Monitoring purposes. This paper focuses on the dynamic monitoring system, the software developed to continuously process the recorded data and some results obtained in preliminary tests of continuous acquisition (November 2010 and June 2011)

Long-term dynamic monitoring of an iron arch bridge

A multi-channel dynamic monitoring system has been recently installed in a centenary iron arch bridge that crosses the Adda river about 50 km far from Milan: the San Michele bridge. The paper describes the monitoring system and the signal processing tools developed in LabVIEW for automatic processing of the collected data. The implemented routines include the automated identification of the bridge’s modal parameters by using the Frequency Domain Decomposition method. The application of this procedure to the data collected in the first weeks of monitoring turned out to provide a clear and robust tracking of more than 20 natural frequencies

Dynamic testing and permanent monitoring of an historic iron arch bridge

The San Michele bridge is an iron arch bridge that crosses the Adda river, linking the small towns of Paderno and Calusco d’Adda, about 50 km far from Milan. The bridge, completed in 1889, is the most important monument of XIX century iron architecture in Italy and is still used as a combined road and railway bridge. In order to assess the structural health condition of the bridge, ambient vibration tests were carried out between June 2009 and March 2010. These tests represented the first experimental survey carried out on the global characteristics of the bridge since the original static proof tests (1889-1892) and suggested the opportunity of installing a permanent dynamic monitoring system on the historic infrastructure with Structural Health Monitoring purposes. In the first part of the paper, after a description of the historic bridge, the most significant results obtained from the dynamic tests are briefly summarized. In the second part of the paper, full details are given on the dynamic monitoring system and the software developed to continuously process the recorded data. Furthermore, some results obtained in preliminary tests of continuous acquisition (November 2010) are presented

Dynamic assessment and health monitoring of an historic iron arch bridge

The paper summarizes the results of the dynamic tests, recently performed in operational conditions (i.e. under traffic and wind-induced excitation) on the San Michele bridge (1889), one of the most important monuments of 19th century iron heritage in Italy, and the consequent Structural Health program of the bridge, based on the permanent dynamic monitoring of the historic infrastructure

Structural health monitoring of a centenary iron arch bridge

The San Michele bridge is an iron arch bridge that crosses the Adda river about 50 km far from Milan. The bridge, built in 1889, is the most important monument of XIX century iron architecture in Italy and is still used as a combined road and railway bridge. In order to assess the structural condition of the bridge, ambient vibration tests were performed in 2009 and suggested the opportunity of installing a permanent dynamic monitoring system with Structural Health Monitoring purpose. Hence, a continuous monitoring system was designed in 2010 and it is now active on the bridge since late November 2011. The paper - after a brief summary of the experimental studies developed since 2009 - describes the monitoring system and the software developed in LabVIEW for processing the collected data. Furthermore, the tracking of natural frequencies automatically identified in the first weeks of monitoring is presented and discussed