Risk Factors for Tooth Loss Over a 28-year Period

Over 500 residents of Tecumseh, Michigan, were dentally examined in 1959 as part of a community-wide health study. In 1987, the dental examinations were repeated, with use of the same criteria as in 1959, for 167 dentate persons from the original group. Another 28 reported by telephone that they had become edentulous since 1959. This report uses a historical cohort analysis for exploration of the risk factors for tooth loss, both total and partial, over the 28-year period. Over that time, the edentulous lost an average of 18.0 teeth (95% confidence interval 15.5, 20. 7), whereas the age-matched 90 dentate persons lost only 3.2 (2.2, 4.2) teeth each. Descriptive data showed the edentulous to have higher baseline scores for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis, and a higher proportion of them smoked, though only loss of periodontal attachment (LPA) of 4 mm or more, early loss of first molars, and educational attainment were significant risk factors in regression analysis. Odds ratios for these three variables were 4.0 (1.2, 12.8), 2.0 (1.3, 3.1), and 0.6 (0.4, 0.9), respectively. The strongest risk factors for partial tooth loss among 116 dentate persons were baseline gingivitis (which was correlated with LPA of 4 mm or more) and the baseline number of teeth present, with odds ratios of 2.4 (1.2, 5.2) and 0. 8 (0. 7, 1.0), respectively. While the analysis had to be carried out without caries data, it was concluded that total tooth loss is a social-behavioral issue as much as it is disease-related. Social-behavioral factors were less clearly related to partial tooth loss in dentate persons; oral disease characteristics were the most prominent risk factors for partial tooth loss.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66838/2/10.1177_00220345900690050201.pd

How central and connected am I in my family? Bridging and bonding social capital in family configurations of young adults with psychiatric disorders

AIMS: This article explores the structures of relational resources that individuals with psychiatric disorders get from their family configurations using the concept of social capital. METHODS: The research is based on a sample of 54 individuals with psychiatric disorders and behavioural problems, and a comparison sample of 54 individuals without a clinical record matched to the clinical respondents for age and sex. Standard measures of social capital from social network methods are applied on family configurations of individuals from both samples. Differences are tested by variance analysis. RESULTS: Structures of family resources available to individuals with psychiatric disorders are distinct. Individuals with psychiatric disorders perceive themselves as less central in their family configurations and less connected to their family members. Their significant family members are perceived as less connected with each other. As a whole, their family configurations are smaller and do not include spouses or partners. Therefore bridging and bonding social capitals are not readily available for them. CONCLUSION: As family configurations of individuals with psychiatric disorders provide fewer relational resources than other families, they are not able to deal with social integration of individuals with psychiatric disorders on their own

Biologia reprodutiva do peixe-rei Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes) (Atherinopsidae) da região marinha costeira do sul do Brasil Reproductive biology of silverside Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes) (Atherinopsidae) of coastal sea region of the south of Brazil

O peixe-rei Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) distribui-se na região costeira do Atlântico Sul desde o sul do Brasil até a Argentina. Esta espécie apresenta duas populações, uma população residente no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos e outra na região marinha costeira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a biologia reprodutiva da população marinha costeira. A proporção sexual indicou predomínio de fêmeas. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) foi estimado em 13,8 cm CT para os machos e 16,1 cm CT para as fêmeas e o comprimento em que todos estão aptos para desovar (L100), foi estimado em 16,3 e 19,3 cm CT para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente. A relação gonadossomática indicou período reprodutivo entre final de agosto e início dezembro, período em que a temperatura da água se manteve abaixo dos 20ºC. Os fatores de condição total (KT) e somático (KS) apresentaram grandes variações ao longo do ciclo. Houve uma queda nos valores de K coincidindo com o início da desova estabelecendo uma relação com este período. Na análise do diâmetro dos ovócitos há evidências de três lotes caracterizando desova parcelada. A fecundidade total (FT) e por lote (FL) são proporcionais ao comprimento total. A média de ovócitos foi de 10.014 para FT e 3.651 para FL.<br>The silverside Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835) is distributed in the coastal region of the South Atlantic since the south of Brazil until Argentina. This species presents two populations, a population resident in the Patos Lagoon estuary and another one in the coastal sea region. This work had as objective to determine the reproductive biology of the populations of coastal sea region. The sex ratio indicated predominance of females. The size of first maturation (L50) was estimated in 13.8 cm LT for the males and 16.1 cm LT for the females and the length where all were apt to spawn (L100) was estimated in 16.3 and 19.3cm LT for males and females, respectively. The gonadossomatic relation indicated reproductive period between ends of August and beginning of December, period where the temperature of the water is below 20ºC. The factors of total condition (KT) and somatic (KS) had presented great variations during the cycle. A fall in the values of K coincided with the beginning of the spawning, establishing a relation this fall of K represented the energy that was directed for the development of the gonads. In the analysis of the diameter of the oocytes evidence was found allowing state that the spawning don't occur at once. The total fecundity (TF) and the lot fecundity (LF) are proportional to the total length. The average of oocytes was of 10,014 for FT and 3,651 for FL