Mapping the (Invisible) Salaried Woman Architect: the Australian Parlour Research Project

Since the 1970s, feminist historians and polemicists have struggled to uncover the ordinary lives of women. They believe that gender ideals and biases are a critical part of the weft and weave of daily life. But the quotidian has been a restricted field in our discipline, often used to define a particular building type rather than the lives of architects. For example, we know little about the workdays of professionals or their labour in the workplace. The architectural office - its daily transactions and everyday culture - remains obscure. Even when represented in histories of the profession, the architectural office is filtered through a top-down lens trained on practice directors. The labour and lives of architecture’s male and female employees is unexplored terrain, but we could begin with the demographics: up to three-quarters of Australian women in architecture are salaried workers, continuing a historical trend. In the past, women generally worked for others. The gendering of salaried architectural workers raises questions about the relationship between gender and office work. Feminist historians and theorists have suggested that the office plays a role in forming gender ideals and practices. This paper endeavours to critically describe the lives and labour of women architects at the office, using survey and interview data from a large-scale Australian research project, publicly known through its website Parlour. This research inquires into gender disadvantage and investigates how gender ideals and norms shape the culture of the architectural workplace. The project’s research questions, evidence and explanations form the basis of this essay. The Parlour project is an ongoing platform for sharing information and research, but it gives particular voice to women’s experience in architecture, an experience largely shaped by salaried employment, studentship and the ownership of small practices

Access to HIV-prevention in female sex workers in Ukraine between 2009 and 2017: Coverage, barriers and facilitators

The provision of comprehensive prevention services is vital for reducing the high burden of HIV amongst Ukrainian female sex workers (FSWs). To identify barriers and facilitators that influence access to HIV prevention amongst this population between 2009 and 2017, we developed a literature-informed conceptual framework and conducted a document analysis to identify the components of the Ukrainian prevention package (PP). Using the Integrated Bio Behavioural Surveillance Surveys, we then conducted descriptive analyses to explore PP coverage from 2009 to 2017 and the influence of factors, identified by our conceptual framework. After increasing over four years, a drop in PP coverage was observed from 2013 onwards. Being a client of a non-governmental organisation, street and highway solicitation, non-condom use, and knowledge of HIV may influence access to HIV prevention in the Ukrainian context. Future interventions should consider barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention and the multiple structural levels on which they operate

Imagination : exploring cognitive and metacognitive perspectives in relation to visual-arts education

EdD ThesisIn arts education, imagination is recognised as important, usually seen as a vital ingredient of arts experience, but it is less frequently defined. Grounded in artseducation practice, this thesis is a theoretical journey which prioritises ‘imagination’ as a focus, exploring it through paradigmatic lenses of: history, psychology and art. From within these perspectives, repeating themes, pertinent to visual-arts education, arise and are cohered towards a pragmatic understanding of imagination which empowers our approach to arts education. Exploration reveals imagination as our ability to connect mental images towards the production of mental categories and the cohering of concepts, indicating that it is a fundamental aspect of cognition and metacognition. We see the dependent relationships between imagination and psychological development, everyday cognition and metacognition and how their inherent syncretistic processes are modelled in and can be enabled by conditions which are present in the visual arts. These conditions relate to the malleable nature of mental imagery, its necessity in cognition and its physical manifestation as art, to the hypothetical nature of knowledge construction and ‘space’ given to this and to the use of visual metaphor as a vehicle for imagination. The interpretation or creation of visual art in these conditions nurtures an iterative process of mental transformation, akin to metacognition, which can be personal and also sociocultural. The key implication is that by exercising our imaginations through the cognitive and metacognitive activity of art, we can improve our imagination generally. Imagination is fundamental to cognition, so developing imagination will develop better learning. The argument implies a practice-based need for increased understanding of imagination as cognitively fundamental and of how visual-arts education is well-placed to nurture this. In turn, this implies a need to address the status and implementation of visualarts learning within education

First Ladies as Political Women: Press Framing of Presidential Wives, 1900-2001

This project contends that press framing of the U.S. first lady institution throughout the twentieth century positioned presidential wives as important public women who were presented as models of American womanhood. An analysis of the print news coverage reveals that the first lady institution serves as a site of ideological contestation over women's public and political roles, reflecting the intersection of gender, publicity, and power at particular historical moments. The press practice of gendered framing draws on often competing ideologies of American womanhood, and in doing so shapes the content of news narratives. The subjects of the stories often become representatives of social gender norms. I call this practice personification framing, which is the positioning of a well-known individual as the embodiment of a particular ideology. A personification frame serves as an ideological short cut used by journalists to simplify, in the case of first ladies, the complexities of gender role performance, making such discussions easier to insert into the limited space of a single news story. An outgrowth of personification framing is the emergence of first ladies as public women, gendered celebrities, political activists, and political interlopers, positioning that reflects press representations of women's public and political roles at various points in U.S. history. The publicity and scrutiny surrounding gendered performances of the first lady position construct boundaries of empowerment and containment that help to normalize women's public activity and domestic empowerment while challenging women's public and private political influence. Press frames, thus, serve as important boundary markers that help to define "proper" performances of both gender and the first lady position. While first ladies' status as public women and gendered celebrities results in both access to and influence within U.S. political culture, they remain on the fringes, with their power largely limited to domestic matters and women's issues. When their influence is suspected of trespassing too far into the male political reserve, press coverage exhibits a rhetoric of containment that suggests the political activities of first ladies violate the gendered boundaries of institutional performance. Such framing accentuates the contestation that surrounds first ladies as political women

Evaluation of the Factors Influencing Participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) for Latino Students During Middle School and High School Years

Background and Purpose: In California, approximately 3.2 million students participated in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP in 2015). It is estimated that Latino students received over 760,000 meals through the NSLP program. This study evaluates factors that influence middle and high school Latino students’ participation in the (NSLP). Methods: Study participants were a convenience sample of students (n = 232) utilizing a 22-question survey tool. The independent variables were grade level, gender, ethnicity, perceived social stigma, competitive foods served on and off campus, peer influences and parental influences. The dependent variable was participation in the NSLP. T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression were used to answer the research questions. Results: Latino students were not significantly different from non-Latino students in their participation rates in the NSLP. There were several significant predictors of NSLP participation for Latino students. Meal eligibility was the only significant predictor of participation in the NSLP for Latino students who are low-participators. Conclusions: Latino students are different from non-Latino students in the factors that influence their participation in the NSLP. Future research is needed to clarify the factors impacting Latino NSLP participation

The Dynamic Duo: Collaboration Between Writing Centers and Academic Libraries

As academic libraries move toward the model of the information commons – a place where users can expect support in finding, interpreting, creating, and communicating information – it increasingly makes sense for university writing centers to have a more prominent presence within the library. But collaboration between libraries and writing centers promises more than just “one-stop shopping” for students as they write their papers. Working together can also provide both libraries and writing centers new opportunities to promote their services to students and faculty. In order for such collaborations to move forward, libraries and writing centers need to acknowledge the similarities and differences in the work they do with students, specifically in such areas of concern as: student research, plagiarism and citation issues especially with regard to international students or English Language Learners. During our session, participants will have the opportunity to hear about the panel’s experiences, learn about the many connections between writing centers and libraries, discover ways that libraries can collaborate with writing centers and address the pitfalls and considerations associated with these partnerships

A protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce exposure to lead through consumer products and drinking water.

The toxic heavy metal lead continues to be a leading environmental risk factor, with the number of attributable deaths having doubled between 1990 and 2010. Although major sources of lead exposure, in particular lead in petrol, have been significantly reduced in recent decades, lead is still used in a wide range of processes and objects, with developing countries disproportionally affected. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of regulatory, environmental and educational interventions for reducing blood lead levels and associated health outcomes in children, pregnant women and the general population