Precision placement of fertiliser for optimising the early nutrition of vegetable crops : a review of the implications for the yield and quality of crops, and their nutrient use efficiency

The research outlined in this paper highlights the importance of the early nutrition of vegetable crops, and its long-term effects on their subsequent growth and development. Results are also presented to demonstrate how the nutrient supply during the establishment stages of young seedlings and transplants can be enhanced by targeting fertiliser to a zone close to their developing roots. Three different precision fertiliser placement techniques are compared for this purpose: starter, band or side-injected fertiliser. The use of each of these methods consistently produced the same (or greater) yields at lower application rates than those from conventional broadcast applications, increasing the apparent recovery of N, P and K, and the overall efficiency of nutrient use, while reducing the levels of residual nutrients in the soil. Starter fertilisers also advanced the maturity of some crops, and enhanced produce quality by increasing the proportions of the larger and/or more desirable marketable grades. The benefits of the different placement techniques are illustrated with selected examples from research at Warwick HRI using different vegetable crops, including lettuce, onion and carrot

Pingos in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Their Plant Succession and Use by Mink

Notes 1960-1963 investigations of these frost mounds, their plant succession, and use by mink. The pingos are described, and three types distinguished according to the plant com- munities they support, viz: grass, mixed vegetation type pingos have the greatest depth to permafrost, also other conditions suitable for mink natal dens

Wills-Execution

The Pennysylvania Supreme Court has held that a signature by a decedent on the portion of a printed will form that is normally used to identify the document when properly folded does not satisfy the statutory requirement that a will be signed at the end thereof. In re Estate of Proley, 492 Pa. 57, 422 A.2d 136 (1980)

Recent Records of Hooded Seals, Cystophora cristata Erxleben, from the Western Beaufort Sea

Three records of hooded seals, Cystophora cristata Erxleben, from the western Beaufort Sea were obtained between 1970 and 1975. Two of these sightings were verified. The third seal was identified based on descriptions from Eskimo informants. During a period of 106 days in captivity, seal Number 2 increased in weight by 51% at a rate of 0.45 kg per day. Its length increased by 12.3 cm

Substructure in clusters containing wide-angle tailed radio galaxies. I. New redshifts

We present new redshifts and positions for 635 galaxies in nine rich clusters containing Wide-Angle Tailed (WAT) radio galaxies. Combined with existing data, we now have a sample of 18 WAT-containing clusters with more than 10 redshifts. This sample contains a substantial portion of the WAT clusters in the VLA 20 cm survey of Abell clusters, including 75% of WAT clusters in the complete survey (z0.09. It is a representative sample which should not contain biases other than selection by radio morphology. We graphically present the new data using histograms and sky maps. A semi-automated procedure is used to search for emission lines in the spectra in order to add and verify galaxy redshifts. We find that the average apparent fraction of emission line galaxies is about 9% in both the clusters and the field. We investigate the magnitude completeness of our redshift surveys with CCD data for a test case, Abell 690. This case indicates that our galaxy target lists are deeper than the detection limit of a typical MX exposure, and they are 82% complete down to R=19.0. The importance of the uniformity of the placement of fibers on targets is posited, and we evaluate this in our datasets. We find some cases of non-uniformities which may influence dynamical analyses. A second paper will use this database to look for correlations between the WAT radio morphology and the cluster's dynamical state.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 7 tables. To appear in the Astronomical Journa