Morphologic evaluation of some oilseed rape cultivars in water deficit stress conditions

Water deficit stress is considered to be one of the most limiting factors for oilseed rape having as main effect decrease of the production. During the last few years, the water deficit stress started to be a problem for the agricultural crops also in Romania. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main morphological traits of 10 oilseed rape cultivars of different origin under three levels of water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was made with three irrigation levels: control (100 % FC), well watered stress (75 % FC), mild watered stress (50% FC) and severe stress (25% FC). In order to evaluate the influence of the irrigation levels upon the plants development, at the end of the vegetation stage of the studied cultivars some morphological traits were measured such as: plant height (PH), number of pods per plant (NP), number of branches per plant (NB),pod length (SL), yield per plant (YP) and 1000 grain-weight (GW). We observed that the most tolerant cultivars at water deficit stress were „Arabella”, „Andol” and „Brillant” which were less influenced by the water deficit stress and the most sensible cultivars were „Perle”, „Andol” and „Olimp” which obtained the smallest values in the water deficit stress conditions

Evaluation of the genetic diversity among some oilseed rape Brassica napus cultivars revealed by rapd markers compared with morphological traits evaluation

In this study we have analyzed the genetic diversity and the relationships among 32 cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using quantitative analysis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. For this purpose we analyzed four morphological traits (plant height, branch number, pod number and mean number of seeds per pod) at 32 oilseed rape cultivars provided from Center for Genetic Resources Netherlands (CGN). RAPD analysis was perform with 8 primers chosen after a previous screening. Significant genetic variability among those 32 cultivars was obtained both at the morphological and molecular level. We obtained a dendrogram for the morphological traits and a dendrogram for RAPD analysis and we compared them

Induction of the embryogenesis process in anther and microspores cultures at the Lupinus albus species

Lupine breeding, and vegetable breeding generally, is constrained by the inability of producing double haploid (DH) plants, which would accelerate the selection and release of new varieties. This technology is still in the developmental phase for vegetables, although other major grain crops such as wheat, barley, and canola successfully use DHs on a commercial scale. The most used technique is the anther culture with microspores at the mono nucleate stage which are being isolated from flower buds and grown in vitro. Recently good results had been obtained using the microspore culture technique. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of obtaining somatic embryos using both of these techniques on the Lupinus albus species. We have obtained embryo - like structures on MS culture medium supplied with 2,4 D and BAP in both cases, but we consider that for the microspore culture, this technique is more efficient

The genetic evaluation of 130 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars using SSR (single sequence repeat) markers

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has become one of the most cultivated oil crop, due to its utilization in different ways as human nutrition, as alternative biofuel source or raw material for the chemical industry. Also the residues obtained after the oil extraction are used in the animal feeding being considered important protein sources (Snowdon et al., 2007).The aim of this study was to make the genetic evaluation of 130 oilseed rape cultivars provided by Center for Genetic Resources Nederland using SSR markers. For this, we used 51 SSR markers which amplified 139 specific fragments. Based on a obtained data it was calculated the genetic similarity (GS) between analyzed genotypes that concluded in one matrices which led to the generation of the SSR dendrogram. Analyzing the obtained dendrogram it was observed that a high genetic diversity between the studied cultivars

Identification of some molecular markers associated with resistance of some oilseed rape cultivars (Brassica napus L.) at the pathogen Verticillium longisporum

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) is a relative young species which appeared a few hundred years ago through a spontaneous interspecific hybridization between cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) (Rygulla et.al., 2007). Among the main diseases that can affect the oilseed rape culture we can find also verticillium wilt caused by the pathogen Verticillium longisporum. The mycelium is colonizing the vascular system of the plant and cause his obstruction, so due to the water stress the plant can die. Because, until now there are no available approved chemicals to prevent this disease, the phytosanitary control of this disease can be realized by cultivating some resistant varieties. The aim of this study was utilization of the SSR markers to identify some resistance sources of oilseed rape to Verticillium longisporum pathogen attack. For this purpose we used a number of 130 oilseed rape cultivars which were artificially infected with the pathogen V. longisporum. For the molecular studies, we used 51 SSR markers which amplified a number of 139 specific fragments. Correlating the molecular data obtained after the SSR analysis and the phenotypic data obtained after the artificial infection, we identified 18 SSR markers associated with resistance to V. longisporum. This results are very important for the next studies regarding the breeding of oilseed rape, for the identification of the resistance genes to V. longisporum