Ethyl 2,2-bis(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)acetate to aromatic alpha-amino acids: stable substrates for catalytic arylation reactions

This paper reports the development of a novel methodology for the catalytic synthesis of aromatic alpha-amino acids, which involves the addition of aryl-organoboron reagents to alpha,alpha-ditosylamino esters derived from ethyl glyoxylate, using transition metal catalysts, like Rh and Pd. A library of alpha-amino esters (12 with Pd and 8 with Rh), was synthesized with moderate to excellent yields. A highest enantioselectivity of 30% ee was obtained using Hayashi's ligand. This method was applied to the synthesis of phenylglycine

Advances in Spiro Compounds

Spiro compounds (also named as spiranes following the suggestion of Adolf von Baeyer as early as 1900) are ubiquitous molecules, which contain a fused bicyclic system that share a single atom. A search for the key term “spiro” in the SciFinder database at the beginning of April 2017 resulted in more than 147,000 hits including 5000–6000 publications per annum after 2010. This enormous research activity encompasses a large number of fields in chemistry (especially organic and medicinal chemistry—with an emphasis on heterocyclic systems), but also includes pharmacology, crystallography, materials science, physics, biochemistry, molecular biology, engineering, energy and fuels, just to mention the most active areas. The immense interest in spirocycles, besides their unique features related to isolation from natural sources, synthesis and stereochemistry, is fuelled by an extremely wide range of useful properties, that comprise among others anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, diuretic, spasmolytic, antiphlogistic, anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-fouling, anti-feedant, herbicidal, plant growth regulatory effects; photochromism; and hole-transporting ability

Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Borylation/Intramolecular Asymmetric Arylation on α-Ketiminoamides: Innovative Approach to Chiral 3-Amino-2-oxindoles

3-Amino-2-oxindole derivatives are a common framework found in many natural products and medicinal compounds and thus their synthesis is of significant importance. We report for the first time a one-pot approach for the synthesis of these compounds, using a borylation/intramolecular asymmetric arylation sequence starting from ortho-bromo-alpha-ketimino amide derivatives. Pd(OAc)(2) was used as the pre-catalyst along with (R)-BINAP as the chiral source. We successfully obtained a family of 3-phenyl-3-(aryl-amino)-indolin-2-one derivatives (11 in total) with excellent yields (up to 98%) and enantioselectivities of up to 76% ee. The reaction is versatile and tolerant of a wide range of functional groups

Globalisation and Its critics

Introduction to International Relations: Australian Perspectives provides comprehensive coverage of its subject while capturing distinctively Australian perspectives and concerns. Designed for undergraduate students this textbook brings together leading Australian scholars to present lively introductory analyses of the theories, actors, issues, institutions and processes that animate international relations today. Introduction to International Relations: Australian Perspectives introduces students to the main theoretical perspectives before covering an extensive range of topics with historical, practical and normative dimensions