An Analysis of the Paradoxes in Jean-Paul Sartre\u27s Existentialism

The purpose of this study is: (1) to examine Sartre’s intellectual background in search of those elements which have led to the development of paradoxical concepts; (2) to collect and examine current criticisms of Sartre’s philosophical position; and (3) to show why the interpretation of his philosophy as an embodiment of paradox necessitates a re-evaluation of critical attacks

Predictors of the decision to retire among nurses in Spain

Background: Nurses typically retire in their late 50s and since nursing shortages exist in most countries understanding nursing staff decisions to retire might open up possibilities of encouraging and supporting them to remain in the workforce longer.Objective: This study examines potential predictors of retirement intentions amongst nurses working in Spain.Population: All registered nurses in Spain with 50 years old or more.Methods: Survey. Data were collected with the collaboration of the regional nursing associations in Spain using anonymous online questionnaires employed to nursing staff (n=497) for those  who are 50 years or older. Results: Nurses indicated their interest in retiring, their planning for retirement, and their expectations for retiring. Results show that retirement intentions were higher in nursing staff that were older, experienced higher levels of burnout, indicated poorer levels of self-reported health, and reported greater job demands and more negative work attitudes (less affective commitment, job involvement, work engagement). The majority of these were “push†factors which are related to dissatisfaction in the workplace.Conclusion: Organizations can and should create age-friendly workplaces enabling them to cope with the nursing shortage and workplaces can be changed to better accommodate the needs  and expectations of older employees

Consequences of not Working Sixteen Months After a Plant Closing

This paper examines the consequences of being unemployed sixteen months after the closing ofthe Canadian Admiral plant in Cambridge, Ontario in November 1981

Stress, Satisfaction and Militancy among Canadian Physicians

Il résulte de l'introduction d'un système national de soins de santé au Canada un conflit régulier et croissant entre la profession médicale, les différents niveaux de gouvernement et d'autres acteurs politiques. Le cœur de ce conflit portait d'abord sur le contrôle des affaires médicales. Les médecins ont défendu leur autonomie face à ce qu'ils percevaient comme une intrusion gouvernementale non justifiée dans les affaires médicales.La présente étude utilise un cadre que nous appellerons « agents stressants-tensions » pour mieux comprendre le militantisme des médecins au Canada. Le modèle de recherche comprend cinq types de variables antécédentes : les caractéristiques démographiques individuelles (v.g., âge et année d'obtention du diplôme), les caractéristiques de la pratique médicale (v.g., lieu de pratique, heures travaillées par semaine, spécialiste ou généraliste), les facteurs de stress au travail (v.g., formules à remplir, délai d'entrée des patients à l'hôpital), la satisfaction au travail (v.g., relations avec les patients, conditions de travail, temps disponible pour la vie personnelle et familiale) et la satisfaction professionnelle (v.g., si les médecins sont en perte de vitesse économiquement, évaluation globale du système de santé dans leur province). Nous avons considéré quatre attitudes ou activités de militantisme : l'approbation de l'arbitrage obligatoire en cas de blocage lors de la négociation des tarifs avec le gouvernement, l'approbation d'arrêt de service à l'occasion d'ententes sur les revenus inadéquates, l'approbation du retour des associations médicales au statut de syndicat et la participation à une action concertée impliquant le retrait des services.La collecte de données s'est fait par questionnaires en 1986 auprès de 2 584 médecins. Nous avons bâti un échantillon représentatif de médecins dans chacune des dix provinces. Près de 10 % des répondants étaient féminins. Suite à un rappel, le taux de réponse a atteint près de 70 %. Lorsque nous avons examiné l'information descriptive, les médecins canadiens, comme groupe professionnel, n'endossaient pas des positions militantes ni n'étaient prêts à recourir à l'action militante pour faire avancer leur cause. Les médecins désapprouvaient de reconstituer leurs associations médicales en syndicat ainsi que le retrait de leurs services. Moins de 20 % des répondants ont surfacturé et près de 20 % ont retiré leurs services au public en général. La plupart étaient inactifs à l'intérieur de leurs associations et ils approuvaient l'arbitrage obligatoire en cas de différends avec le gouvernement sur leurs revenus.Des analyses de régression multiple hiérarchique ont été effectuées pour établir le pouvoir explicatif des cinq ensembles de prédicteurs. Les ensembles ont été entrés dans l'ordre indiqué dans le modèle de recherche. Nous avons trouvé un support empirique au modèle. Chaque ensemble de prédicteurs avait une relation unique et significative avec la plupart des mesures de militantisme chez les médecins. Les médecins se disant plus stressés et moins satisfaits exprimaient des points de vue plus militants.The present study utilized a stressor-strain framework to understand physician militancy in Canada. Data were collected from 2,584 physicians in 1986 using questionnaires. Four militant attitudes or activities were considered: approval of binding arbitration in the event of deadlocks in fee negotiations with governments, approval of withdrawal of services in the event of inadequate income settlements, approval of the reconstitution of medical associations as labour unions, and whether they had participated in an organized job action involving withdrawal of services

Trainee Experiences in Industrial Retraining Programs: A Case Study

Trainee Experiences in Industrial Retraining Programs : A Case StudyThe present study reports on the experiences of a group of 58 former Canadian Admiral employees who enrolled in academic upgrading or retraining programs sponsored by the Federal government. The emphasis is placed on their student role, and expectations for the future, since all were still in retraining

Gender differences in perceptions of work experiences and service quality provided by front line service workers in four and five star hotels in Turkey a research note

Two studies considered possible gender differences in work experiences and service quality behaviors of front-line service employees working in hotels in Turkey.. The first study examined perceptions of servant leadership provided by their supervisors/managers and worker’s reports of service quality provided to clients by their hotels of male and female front line workers employed in four- and five –star hotels. Data were collected from 221 front-line employees, 122 males and 82 females, a 37% response rate, using anonymously completed questionnaires. Previously developed and validated measures of servant leadership (Liden, Wayne, Zhao & Henderson, 2008) and service quality (Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry, 1998) were used and both were found to be highly reliable in this study. Males and females were similar on five personal demographic items. Males tended to report higher levels (p<.10) on two dimensions of servant leadership (Emotional support, Conceptual skills) than did females. In addition, males rated the quality of service provided higher on three dimensions (Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, and tended top rate the quality of service higher on the composite score (p<.10) than did females. The differences on perceptions of service quality might be attributed to the departments in which males and females were more likely to work, males tended to work in departments having greater direct client contact. The second investigation examined gender differences in levels of service rewards provided by their hotels and employees engaging in in three prosocial service behaivors:estra0role, role prescribed, and cooperation (Bettencourt & Brown, 1997). Data were collected from241` employees, 151 males and 88 females working in 18 different hotels in the Cappadocia region, using anonymously completed questionnaires, a 60% response rate. There were no differences in perceptions of service rewards or in prosocial behaviors. In essence, male and female front-line service workers generally indicated more similar than different appraisals of their work experiences in both investigations.

Clustering climate and management practices to define environmental challenges affecting gastrointestinal parasitism in Katahdin sheep

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) negatively affect the performance and well-being of sheep. Due to anthelmintic resistance, GIN are difficult to control leading producers to choose breeds that can exhibit resistance to parasitism. An example is Katahdin sheep. Katahdins are raised in various climates and management systems in the United States. These environmental factors can be combined to form eco-management groupings or clusters. We hypothesized that GIN challenge varies predictably based on the characteristics of these environmental clusters. Forty Katahdin producers from across the United States were surveyed for management information, with body weights (BW), fecal egg counts (FEC), and FAMACHA scores (FAM) available from 17 of the 40 flocks. The performance data included 3,426 lambs evaluated around 90 d of age. Management and climate data were combined into clusters using multiple correspondence and principal component (PC) analysis. Performance data were aligned with their corresponding cluster. Depending on the trait, eco-management cluster, birth-rearing type, sex, and, as a covariate, dam age, were fitted as systematic effects with ANOVA. Clusters also were formed based on climate or management data alone. When compared with fitting the eco-management clusters, they defined less variation in each of the traits based on Akaike and Bayesian information criterion, and adjusted r2 values. To further examine variation defined by eco-management clusters, residuals from an ANOVA model excluding eco-management cluster were retained, and their correlation with PC loadings calculated. All PC loadings were included as potential independent variables and tested for significance using backward stepwise regression. The PC loadings with a correlation |≥0.49| explained significant variation in each trait and were included in the final models chosen; adjusted r2 values for BW, FEC, and FAM were 0.90, 0.81, and 0.97, respectively. When analyzing GIN challenge, eco-management clusters corresponding with hotter temperatures and greater rainfall, and with pasture-born lambs, suffered greater parasitism. Conversely, the eco-management clusters with lambs turned out to pasture at older ages benefited from reduced parasitism. Through the formation of eco-management clusters, an environmental variable can be defined to study interactions of genotypes to their environment, providing a potentially useful tool for identifying parasite-resistant sheep

Interferometry

The following recommended programs are reviewed: (1) infrared and optical interferometry (a ground-based and space programs); (2) compensation for the atmosphere with adaptive optics (a program for development and implementation of adaptive optics); and (3) gravitational waves (high frequency gravitational wave sources (LIGO), low frequency gravitational wave sources (LAGOS), a gravitational wave observatory program, laser gravitational wave observatory in space, and technology development during the 1990's). Prospects for international collaboration and related issues are also discussed