Qualitative Research Interviews

After presenting a brief overview of the complexity of the qualitative interviewing process used by psychotherapy researchers, the authors discuss some of the major ideas that psychotherapy researchers using such interviews must consider both before and during the interview process. They then offer thoughts regarding approaches to strengthen qualitative interviews themselves

Discussions of Racial Difference and the Effect on Client Ratings of the Working Alliance and Counselor

Fifty-one clients were surveyed to examine the effect of counselor discussion of racial and ethnic differences in counseling. Analyses revealed that White counselors who discussed these differences with their clients of color were rated as more credible and as having stronger working alliances than those who did not discuss such differences. Se entrevistó a cincuenta y un clientes para examinar los efectos de la discusión por parte del consejero de las diferencias raciales y étnicas en consejería. L os análisis revelaron que los consejeros Blancos que discutieron estas diferencias con sus clientes de color fueron valorados como más fiables y con alianzas de trabajo más sólidas que aquellos que no discutieron tales diferencias

Effect of Therapist Color-Blindness on Empathy and Attributions in Cross-Cultural Counseling

Empathy and attributions of client responsibility for the cause of and solution to a problem were examined for 247 psychologists who were identified as having low, moderate, and high color-blind racial attitudes. Participants responded to 1 of 4 vignettes that controlled for client race (i.e., African American, European American) and client attributions regarding the cause (i.e., depression, discrimination) of a problem. Analyses revealed that the therapists’ level of color-blindness was directly related to their capacity for empathy and also to their attributions of responsibility for the solution to the problem with an African American client but not with a European American client. No relationship was found between therapist color-blindness and attributions of responsibility for cause of the problem. Implications of these results for counseling practice, training, and research are discussed

Hierarchical Factor Analysis of the Quick Discrimination Index

Prior factor analytic studies of the Quick Discrimination Index (QDI) have used principal components factor analysis to develop and validate a three-factor structure with a racially heterogeneous sample. In this investigation, Study 1 explored the factor structure of the QDI with a sample of 428 White university students using a hierarchical factor analysis. The analysis showed that a structure with four first-order factors and one second-order factor was the best fit for the data. Study 2 tested the original three-factor structure and a higher order factor structure from Study 1 in a confirmatory factor analysis using a sample of 363 White students. The implications for interpretation and future research are discussed

White Racial Identity Attitudes as a Predictor of Cross-Cultural Working Alliances

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly influence cross-racial counseling relationships. In this study, the authors examined the influence of White racial identity on working alliance perceptions in a cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. A significant interaction effect was found between race of the counselor vignette and White racial identity attitudes. Se ha teorizado que la identidad racial influye significativamente en las relaciones consejeras multirraciales. En esta investigación, los autores examinan la influencia de la identidad racial Blanca en las percepciones de alianza vigente en un equivalente vicario de la consejería multirracial. Se descubrió un efecto significante de interacción entre la raza del consejero y lás actitudes raciales blancas

Entry-Level Competencies of New Student Affairs Professionals: A Delphi Study

The study examines the perceptions of 104 mid- and senior-level student affairs administrators of positions, responsibilities, competencies, and theories important for professional practice for new student affairs professionals. In regard to competencies, the results of this study provide important information about preprofessional abilities that are integral to professional practice, and participants also identified several competencies not identified in prior research that may be important to positions involving high contact with students. These results, then, provide vital information for curriculum development in graduate preparation programs and for professional development training for new professionals

White Counselor Trainees\u27 Racial Identity and Working Alliance Perceptions

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same-racial and cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed

Prejudice and Racism: Challenges and Progress in Measurement

The intent of this chapter is to review three categories of prejudice measures that practitioners and researchers can use in practice or research. Given that a recent comprehensive review of self-report racial prejudice measures was completed by Biernat and Crandall (1999), this chapter focuses on new developments in self-report measures of racial and anti-gay prejudice. Anti -gay prejudice is an important clinical and research area, and to date, only a few critical reviews of instruments measuring negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women have appeared in the literature (Herek, 1994; O\u27Donohue & Caselles, 1993; Schwanberg, 1993). Emerging prejudice measurement issues are the final focus, specifically addressing theoretical developments and the implications for prejudice measurement. Concluding comments address future needs in prejudice measurement and the application to counseling practice and research