“We have been magnified for years - now you are under the microscope!": Co-researchers with learning disabilities created an online survey to challenge public understanding of learning disabilities

Public attitudes towards learning disabilities (LDs) are generally reported as positive, inclusive and empathetic. However, these findings do not reflect the lived experiences of people with LDs. To shed light on this disparity, a team of co-researchers with LDs created the first online survey to challenge public understanding of LDs, asking questions in ways that are important to them and represent how they see themselves. Here, we describe and evaluate the process of creating an accessible survey platform and an online survey in a research team consisting of academic and non-academic professionals with and without LDs or autism. Through this inclusive research process, the co-designed survey met the expectations of the co-researchers and was well-received by the initial survey respondents. We reflect on the co-researchers’ perspectives following the study completion, and consider the difficulties and advantages we encountered deploying such approaches and their potential implications on future survey data analysis

The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children

The object of this review is to provide the definitions, frequency, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and management recommendations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents, and to convey current knowledge of the causes of permanent disability or mortality from complications of DKA or its management, particularly the most common complication, cerebral edema (CE). DKA frequency at the time of diagnosis of pediatric diabetes is 10%–70%, varying with the availability of healthcare and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the community. Recurrent DKA rates are also dependent on medical services and socioeconomic circumstances. Management should be in centers with experience and where vital signs, neurologic status, and biochemistry can be monitored with sufficient frequency to prevent complications or, in the case of CE, to intervene rapidly with mannitol or hypertonic saline infusion. Fluid infusion should precede insulin administration (0.1 U/kg/h) by 1–2 hours; an initial bolus of 10–20 mL/kg 0.9% saline is followed by 0.45% saline calculated to supply maintenance and replace 5%–10% dehydration. Potassium (K) must be replaced early and sufficiently. Bicarbonate administration is contraindicated. The prevention of DKA at onset of diabetes requires an informed community and high index of suspicion; prevention of recurrent DKA, which is almost always due to insulin omission, necessitates a committed team effort

A NEW LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH RESOLUTION ZONE PLATES FOR SOFT X-RAYS

Une technique de lithographie utilisant un microscope électronique à balayage en transmission est en développement. Cette technique est capable de dessiner avec précision sur des petites surfaces, des motifs dont l'épaisseur des lignes est inférieure à 50 nm. On décrit la méthode et on discute de ses applications à la fabrication de composants d'optique pour la diffraction des rayons-X mous.A lithographie technique using a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope is being developed. This technique is capable of drawing accurate patterns, with line widths much less than 50 nm, over small areas. The method is described and its application to the manufacture of diffractive optical components for soft X-rays is discussed

THE EFFECTS OF MANUFACTURING INACCURACIES ON THE IMAGING PROPERTIES OF ZONE PLATES

Tous les procédés utilisés pour réaliser des lentilles à zone de Fresnel pour rayons X mous présentent des imperfections de fabrication qui affectent les images. On discute les erreurs possibles en microlithographie par microscopie électronique à balayage en transmission et on en conclut que ce procédé peut être utilisé en donnant une précision suffisante.Any process for making soft X-ray zone plates will have associated manufacturing errors which will affect the imaging properties. The errors possible in a lithographic manufacturing technique using a scanning transmission electron microscope are discussed, and it is concluded that sufficiently accurate zone plates may readily be made