Cental Macular Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Clinical Retinopathy

Objective. To compare central macular thickness (CMT) of diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical retinopathy and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were performed in 124 eyes of 62 subjects with diabetes mellitus without clinical retinopathy (study group: 39 females, 23 males; mean age: 55.06 ± 9.77 years) and in 120 eyes of 60 healthy subjects (control group: 35 females, 25 males; mean age: 55.78 ± 10.34 years). Blood biochemistry parameters were analyzed in all cases. The data for central macular thickness (at 1 mm), the levels of fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were compared in both groups. Results. The mean central macular thickness was 232.12 ± 24.41 µm in the study group and 227.19 ± 29.94 µm in the control group. The mean HbA1c level was 8.92 ± 2.58% in the study group and 5.07 ± 0.70% in the control group (P=0.001). No statistically significant relationship was found between CMT, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose level in either group (P>0.05). Conclusions. Central macular thickness was not significantly thicker in patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical retinopathy than in healthy subjects

Clinical, Radiological, Microbiological, and Histopathological Aspects of Acquired Dacryocystoceles

Purpose. The aim of this study is to investigate the etiology and the clinical, microbiological, histopathological, and radiological findings of acquired dacryocystoceles. Methods. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the clinical records of 10 eyes of 8 patients with dacryocystoceles who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. Etiology, presenting symptoms and radiological findings as well as microbiological and histopathological assessment results and outcome were analyzed. Results. The records of 8 patients with dacryocystoceles were included in this study. In the histopathological evaluations of the samples collected from the lacrimal sac wall, chronic inflammation was found in all biopsied samples and fibrosis was observed in two histopathological evaluations. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging showed fluid collection separated from adjacent tissues by a thin rim, corresponding to dacryocystoceles in the sac. In the microbiological culture examination of samples collected from the fluid within the cyst, no bacterial growth in 5 eyes, gram-negative bacillus growth in 3 eyes, and gram-positive cocci growth in 2 eyes were found. Conclusions. Acquired dacryocystoceles were observed extremely rarely and a definite pathogenic agent could not be identified in any of the cases, either microbiologically or histologically, whereas chronic inflammation was detected in all cases in our study

Comparison of Medpor Coated Tear Drainage Tube versus Silicon Tear Drainage Tube in Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy: Problems and Solutions

Purpose. This study aims at comparing two different types of drainage tubes in conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, which are used for upper lacrimal system obstruction or damage, with respect to their respective postoperative problems and solutions. Methods. Nineteen eyes of 17 patients who underwent conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) or conjunctivorhinostomy (CR) surgery with a Medpor coated tear drainage tube or silicon tube placement between October, 2010, and February, 2014, were included in this retrospective comparative study. Results. In the initial surgery, Medpor coated tear drainage tubes were used in 11 eyes by CDCR, whereas silicon tear drainage tubes were implanted into 2 eyes by CR and 6 eyes by CDCR. In group 1, proximal and distal obstructions developed postoperatively in 4 eyes, while 1 eye showed tube malposition and 3 eyes developed luminal obstruction by debris 3 times. In group 2, tube extrusion developed in 4 eyes, whereas tube malposition developed in 6 eyes and luminal obstruction by debris developed in 6 eyes at different times, for a total of 20 times. Conclusions. In our study, the most significant complication we observed in the use of silicon tear drainage tubes was tube extrusion,whereas the leading complication related to the use of Medpor coated tear drainage tubes was tube obstruction

Reconstruction of Periocular Defects with Rhomboid Flap: Surgical Results

Pur po se: To review the surgical results in patients who underwent an eyelid reconstruction with rhomboid flap after periorbital and medial canthal tumor excision. Ma te ri al and Met hod: This study included 18 patients who underwent eyelid reconstruction with rhomboid flap after periorbital and medial canthal tumor excision. The patient charts were reviewed for topographic data, tumor features, surgical technique, and postoperative results. Re sults: The mean age of the patients (10 women, 8 men) was 58 years (age range: 22-78 years). The lesion was located in the inferior periorbital-malar area in 8 patients, in the medial canthal area in 8 patients and in the lateral periorbital area in 2 patients. Mean tumor diameter was 8.9 mm (range: 5-13.5 mm). Rhomboid flap was used alone in 14 patients (78%) and in combination with nasojugal advanced flap and semicircular flap in 2 patients (11%) each. The skin defect could be closed primarily in all patients, except one. A secondary surgical intervention was required for ectropion and pyogenic granuloma excision in 1 patient each. The aesthetic outcome was satisfactory in all patients. Mean follow-up time was 23 months (range: 2-64 months). Dis cus si on: Rhomboid flap can be used for medial canthal and periorbital eyelid reconstruction after tumor excision. This flap technique can be combined with other reconstruction methods for large defects. After surgery, aesthetic and functional results are satisfactory in most patients, whereas surgical complications and need for a secondary surgery are rare. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 280-3

Comparison of the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion

Aim: To compare the effects of intravitrealbevacizumab (IVB) and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVT) in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Materials and Methods: There were 20 patients treated with IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) and 16 treated with IVT (4 mg/0.1 mL). The two groups were compared with regard to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography (OCT), slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography results, intraocular pressure (IOP), numbers of injections, and adverse events. Results: The mean follow-up times in the IVB and IVT groups were 17.45±8.1 months (range: 8-33 months) and 19.94±10.59 months (range: 6-40 months), respectively (P = 0.431). Visual acuity increased and CMT decreased significantly within both groups, but no differences were observed between the groups (P = 0.718). The percentages of patients with increased IOP and iatrogenic cataracts were significantly higher in the IVT group than in the IVB group. Conclusions: Treatment with IVB and IVT both resulted in significant improvement in visual acuity and a decrease in CMT in patients with ME secondary to non-ischemic CRVO, with no difference between the two treatments. The incidence of adverse events, however, was significantly greater in the IVT group than in the IVB group. IVB may be preferred over IVT for the treatment of ME in patients with non-ischemic CRVO

Effect of Ultrasound Time on Macular Thickness and Visual Acuity in Cataract Surgery

Pur po se: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound time on macular thickness and the influence of macular thickness on visual acuity after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Ma te ri al and Met hod: In this study, 42 eyes of 30 cataract patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery were evaluated. The phacoemulsification was performed using 20% “pulse mode” ultrasound energy. The ultrasound time of each case was noted. Visual acuity (logMAR) and macular thickness were measured pre- and postoperatively. Macular thickness was measured by “spectraldomain” optical coherence tomography using “macular map 6” (MM6) programme. Re sults: All patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery showed a statistically significant improvement in bestcorrected visual acuity in postoperative first and third months (p=0.001). When minimum central macular, mean central zone, mean parafoveal and mean perifoveal macular thicknesses in the postoperative first week, first month and third month were compared with the preoperative values, a statistically significant increase in all zones was detected (p=0.001). The mean ultrasound time applied was 128 sec. ±11 SD: 70.17. No statistically significant correlation was found between ultrasound time and increase in macular thickness in the postoperative first week, first month and third month. There was no significant correlation between best-corrected visual acuity and minimum central macular/central zone macular thickness. Dis cus si on: This study shows that in patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification surgery, there is an increase in macular thickness independent of ultrasound time. We also found no correlation between macular thickness and visual acuity. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 286-90

Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements by Ultrasonic Pachymetry and Orbscan II Corneal Topography and Evaluation of Ultrasonic Pachymetry Repeatability

Objectives: Comparison of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by ultrasonic pachymetry and Orbscan II corneal topography and evaluation of ultrasonic pachymetry repeatability for same observer. Materials and Methods: The study included 132, 82, and 80 eyes of 66 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 41 patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), and 40 controls, respectively. All subjects were subjected to routine ophthalmic examination. Orbscan II (Bausch&Lomb) corneal topography and ultrasonic pachymetry (Nidek Ultrasonic Pachymetry UP-1000) were used for measurement of CCT. ANOVA (Turkey test) was used for variable distribution, paired sample t-test was used for repeated measurements, and the analyses were done by SPSS 20.0. Results: Mean CCT was 558.9±37.2 µm by ultrasonic pachymetry and 553.4±37 µm by corneal topography. There was a significant difference between the two measurements (p<0.0001). CCT was mean 5.55±8.28 µm thicker by ultrasonic pachymetry compared to corneal topography. There was no significant difference between the two genders (p>0.05). CCT was 555±39.2 µm, 564.3±28.4 µm, and 559.7±41.5 µm by ultrasonic pachymetry in POAG, OHT, and control subjects, respectively; CCT was 550.3±38.3 µm, 558.5±28 µm, and 553.2±42.5 µm by Orbscan II corneal topography in POAG, OHT, and control subjects, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation between Orbscan II corneal topography and ultrasonic pachymetry in CCT measurements (r=0.975, p<0.0001). Repeatability of ultrasonic pachymetry for same observer was (ICC value) 0.990. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between Orbscan II corneal topography and ultrasonic pachymetry in CCT measurements. These two methods of measurements should not be substituted for each other, since ultrasonic pachymetry measures CCT greater than Orbscan II corneal topography. Repeatability of ultrasonic pachymetry for same observer is very high. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 263-7

Effectiveness of the Lower Eyelid Suspension Using Fascia Lata Graft for the Treatment of Lagophthalmos due to Facial Paralysis

Purpose. To evaluate of functional and cosmetic effectiveness of lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft in patients with lagophthalmos due to facial paralysis. Material and Method. Ten patients with a mean age of 55.1±19.77 years who underwent lower eyelid sling surgery with a fascia lata graft between September 2011 and January 2014 were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and postoperatively patients were evaluated in terms of corneal epithelial defects, Schirmer’s test, and tear break-up time (TBUT). Cosmetically, vertical eyelid aperture, margin reflex distances 1 and 2 (MRD1 and MRD2) and scleral show were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. One patient had facial paralysis on the right side whereas the other 9 patients had facial paralysis on the left side. Preoperatively, 3 patients were detected with corneal ulcer, whereas 7 patients were detected with persistent corneal epithelial defects localized in the lower half of the cornea. In the 3 patients with preoperative corneal ulcer, the ulcer recovered with corneal opacity, whereas in the 7 patients with punctate epitheliopathy, postoperative corneal transparency was obtained. Discussion. Lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft is an effective technique for the repositioning of the lower eyelid and preventing the corneal complications