Fixed assets reproduction and efficiency of their use in the context of the development of innovative and investment activities in the agrarian sector of the economy

The problem of increasing the efficiency of reproduction and use of fixed assets is relevant for the agrarian sector of the economy, since the material and technical base of agriculture requires technical modernization and renewal. The article analyzes security and quality of the fixed assets, the composition and structure of the sources of the fixed assets reproduction; the indicators of the efficiency of the fixed assets reproduction and their use are analyzed. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, groups of enterprises with the most optimal capital productivity indicators were identified, which served as the basis for determining the directions and reserves for increasing the efficiency of the fixed assets use in the agrarian sector of the economy

Increasing the operational reliability of tractors by backing up the replacement elements

The article deals with the issues of choosing a redundancy method and the frequency of replacing tractor elements while ensuring the level of operational reliability in agricultural enterprises. It is noted that the operability of the system is ensured as long as there are reserve elements available to replace the failed main elements (and there is a possibility of switching the reserve elements into an operational state). One of the general methods for solving this problem is a method based on the use of Markov processes. In this case, the process of changing the states of the tractor is presented as a dynamic system, the state of which changes discretely in continuous time in a random manner

Justification of cooficients reqiered for correction of rates of detail needs for machine maintenance and repair

When solving the problems of increasing the reliability of automotive and tractor equipment during the regular repair period, a problem of adjusting the norms of the need for spare parts appears. The lack of recommendations for their determination, depending on the operating conditions, determines the need to deepen the analysis, development and refinement of techniques in order to clarify and adjust the normalizing factors

Lexical nominations of wolf in Russian, Kalmyk, Mongolian and German phraseology and paremiology

Zoo lexemes, being separate lexical units and components of animalistic phraseological units (APU) and animalistic proverbial mini-texts (APMT), contribute a significant global presence in all languages. Nevertheless, the world of wild fauna is still poorly understood from a linguistic and cultural perspective. In particular, the relevant vocabulary remains understudied, although it is rich in compositional diversity encapsulating a huge body of materials. Many questions are still out of linguistic sight, although the need for a comprehensive study of animalistic vocabulary is long overdue. Lexical consistency is precisely discovered when various kinds of lexical groupings are addressed. This approach seems to be the most preferable for the authors who study APU and zoo proverbs representing a certain system. The paper proposes to use such terms as faunism, animalism, zoosemism for denoting animals and zoomorphism – for metaphorical designation of humans. The authors are concerned with Russian-Kalmyk-German-Mongolian similarities and differences in APU and zoo proverbs but they are few. Meanwhile, based on APU and APMT it is important to compare LWI animalistic fragments used by native speakers inhabiting the Caspian Sea, Central Asian and European territories for developing an adequate methodology for teaching languages within an ethno-oriented paradigm. This research area has not yet provided a systematic insight into the linguistic status of the object under study. The issues of attributing proverbs and sayings to phraseology, as well as their differentiation, remain debatable. Considering Russian phraseological and paremiological materials against a foreign language background will help to identify its idioethnic specificity and universal features. Understanding the specific phraseological and proverbial coding of the world provides better characteristics of particular ethnic linguistic and cultural attitudes. The study is relevant due to the need to produce a multilingual dictionary composed of zoo vocabulary, zoo idioms and zoo proverbs. Russian APU and APMT studied against foreign languages (Kalmyk, Mongolian and German) will result in their different types identified, both universal and specific

Results of long-term radioecological monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems in the observation zone of the Rostov NPP

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью непрерывного и независимого мониторинга зоны наблюдения Ростовской АЭС. В России атомная промышленность постоянно развивается, и исследования, связанные с изучением радиационной обстановки на территориях, расположенных в непосредственной близости от предприятий ядерного-топливного цикла, становятся обязательными. Цель: оценка особенностей распределения мощности эквивалентной дозы гамма-излучения на контрольных участках зоны наблюдения Ростовской АЭС. Объекты: территория, расположенная в 30-километровой зоне наблюдения Ростовской АЭС. Методы: дозиметрический контроль приземного слоя воздуха методом пешеходной гамма-съемки по всему контрольному участку с помощью поисковых дозиметров-радиометров; отбор поверхностных проб почв методом конверта (со стороной квадрата 10 м) из прикопок глубиной 10 см; инструментальный гамма-спектрометрический метод радионуклидного анализа проб почв. Результаты. Представлены данные о результатах многолетнего (2000-2021 гг.) исследования мощности эквивалентной дозы гамма-излучения и удельной активности естественных радионуклидов и искусственного радиоцезия в зоне размещения Ростовской АЭС. Исследования проводились на контрольных участках, заложенных в рамках предпускового мониторинга данного объекта (определение так называемого «нулевого фона»). Показано, что в среднем гамма-фон варьирует в пределах 0,10-0,14 мкЗв/ч, не превышает результатов предпускового мониторинга зоны наблюдения Ростовской АЭС и зависит от радионуклидного состава почвенного покрова. Средние арифметические удельные активности радионуклидов в почвах варьируют в пределах: 10,4-23,3, 14,7-25,5, 16,0-32,6 и 319,4-575,5 для 137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th и 40К, соответственно. В целом деятельность Ростовской АЭС не оказывает влияния на радиоэкологическую обстановку на территории исследования.The relevance of the study is caused by the need for continuous and independent monitoring of the observation zone of the Rostov NPP. In Russia, the nuclear industry is constantly developing and research related to the study of the radiation situation in the territories located in the immediate vicinity of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises is becoming necessary. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the features of distribution of the equivalent dose of gamma radiation in the control areas of th e observation zone of the Rostov NPP. Objects: the territory located in the 30-kilometer observation zone of the Rostov NPP. Methods: dosimetric control by pedestrian gamma-ray shooting throughout the control area; soil sampling by the envelope method (with a side of a square of 10 m) from digs with a depth of 10 cm; instrumental gamma-spectrometric method of radionuclide analysis of soil samples. Results. The paper presents the data on the results of a long-term (2000-2021) study of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in the area where the Rostov NPP is located. The studies were carried out on the control sites established as part of the pre-launch monitoring of this object (definition of «zero background»). Dosimetry of the territories was carried out using search dosimeters-radiometers. It is shown that, on average, the gamma background varies within 0,10-0,14 µSv/h, does not exceed the results of pre-start monitoring of the Rostov NPP observation zone, and depends on the radionuclide composition of the soil cover