Analysis of the Impact of the Presence of Phylum Cyanobacteria in the Microbiome of Patients with Breast Cancer on Their Prognosis

Cyanobacterial blooms caused by Cyanobacteria adversely affect the health of the people living in their vicinity. We elucidated the effect of Cyanobacteria in patients with breast cancer. The serum microbiome of the patients with breast cancer was analyzed using NGS. Serologic tests were performed to analyze the association between the factors affecting the liver function of patients with breast cancer and the amount of Cyanobacteria. In addition, the recurrent-free survival of patients with breast cancer according to the abundance of Cyanobacteria was analyzed. The abundance of Cyanobacteria tended to be correlated with the serological results related to liver function. A high abundance of Cyanobacteria seemed to be more related to late-stage breast cancer. A high recurrent-free survival was related to a low abundance of Cyanobacteria. Even though no toxicity study was conducted, this study demonstrates the impact of phylum Cyanobacteria on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Thus, the abundance of Cyanobacteria in the microbiome can help predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer

Cell wall component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GILA 118 alleviates intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice model

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GILA 118 was used to separate cell wall components and protoplast to confirm the alleviation of inflammation using murine macrophage cells, RAW 264.7 cells, and C57BL/6J mice compared to the commercial probiotic strain Saccharomyces boulardii. In vitro and in vivo inflammation models were treated with S. cerevisiae GILA 118 cell wall polysaccharide and protoplast to verify the alleviating inflammation. Nitric oxide was reduced, cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene expression was reduced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression in RAW 264.7 cells, and S. cerevisiae GILA 118 cell wall polysaccharide treated with zymolyase (PZ) significantly increased interleukin-10 compared to the dextran sulfate sodium mouse model. S. cerevisiae GILA 118 PZ induced Treg cell proportion and decreased Th 17/Treg cells proportion in the spleen. Thus, this study suggested that yeast cell wall components are potential alleviative agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

B. longum CKD1 enhances the efficacy of anti-diabetic medicines through upregulation of IL- 22 response in type 2 diabetic mice

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in metabolic disorders, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the synergistic potential of combining the effects of Bifidobacterium longum NBM7–1 (CKD1) with anti-diabetic medicines, LobeglitazoneⓇ (LO), SitagliptinⓇ (SI), and MetforminⓇ (Met), to alleviate hyperglycemia in a diabetic mouse model. CKD1 effectively mitigated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and enhanced pancreatic β-cell function, as well as fortifying gut-tight junction integrity. In the same way, SI-CKD1 and Met- CKD1 synergistically improved insulin sensitivity and prevented hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by the modulation of key genes associated with insulin signaling, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, adipogenesis, and inflammation by qRT-PCR. The comprehensive impact on modulating gut microbiota composition was observed, particularly when combined with MetforminⓇ. This combination induced an increase in the abundance of Rikenellaceae and Alistipes related negatively to the T2DM incidence while reducing the causative species of Cryptosporangium, Staphylococcaceae, and Muribaculaceae. These alterations intervene in gut microbiota metabolites to modulate the level of butyrate, indole-3-acetic acid, propionate, and inflammatory cytokines and to activate the IL-22 pathway. However, it is meaningful that the combination of B. longum NBM7–1(CKD1) reduced the medicines’ dose to the level of the maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). This study advances our understanding of the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. We expect this study to contribute to developing a prospective therapeutic strategy modulating the gut microbiota