Demand Side Management in dezentral geführten Verteilnetzen: Erfahrungen und Perspektiven

The paper summarizes actual experiences with demand response pilot projects and the implemented tariffs in Europe and the United States. The main focus lies on the distribution network and the connected residential and commercial customers. The achieved potential for demand response is shown on an empirical as well as on theoretical basis. Many demonstrations projects were started in Scandinavia and in the United States to increase the security of supply. The achieved load reductions reached in some cases more than 30% of peak demand. Next to time of use tariffs that were extended by critical peak prices also real time pricing tariffs were tested. The theoretical demand response potential was calculated for specific appliances. It was found to be 2.3 kWH per average houshold and day. The power for automated load control is estimated at 67 to 105 W per household