The Structure of Bursa of Fabricius in the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo Rufinus): Histological and Histochemical Study

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a lymphoepithelial organ found only in birds. Differences in morphology of BF could play an important role in immune response. The objective of this study was to investigate the histological and histochemical characteristics of the bursa of Fabricius in the long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus). The material for the study comprised bursa samples obtained from three long-legged buzzards with permission of the General Directorate of Nature Protection and National Parks (Ankara, Turkey). Briefly, interfollicular epithelium (IFE) was shown to be columnar in shape and not to contain goblet cells. Reticular fibers were located in interfollicular septae. Each lymphoid follicle in the bursa of Fabricius in the long-legged buzzard was remarkably linked to the follicle associated epithelium (FAE). Namely, FAE has been reported to stimulate antibody production by transferring antigens to the medulla and have a leading role in developing of local immune response. Among the others, the species-specific differences in bursa of Fabricius morphology of long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) also might support the continuity of this species in nature

Anatomical and histological analysis of the salpinx and ovary in Anatolian wild goat (Capra aegagrus aegagrus)

Background: This study determined the anatomical and histological structure of the salpinx and ovary of the Anatolian wild goat (C. aegagrus aegagrus). Materials and methods: The salpinges and ovaries from four wild goats of similar ages were used. These goats were brought to the Kafkas University Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre (Kars, Turkey) for various reasons such as traffic accidents or firearm injury, but either could not be saved or were euthanased. Results: The mean length of the ovary was 13.22 +/- 1.27 mm, width was 8.46 +/- +/- 0.88 mm, thickness was 5.67 +/- 0.79 mm, and weight was 0.59 +/- 0.17 g. The mean length of the salpinx was 58.11 +/- 14.02 mm, width was 0.80 +/- 0.22 mm, thickness was 0.41 +/- 0.01 mm, and weight was 0.30 +/- 0.08 g. The salpinx consisted of three different regions (infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus). These regions consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. Prismatic epithelial cells were observed in the lamina epithelialis of the tunica mucosa in every region. Conclusions: The data resulting from this study regarding anatomical and histological structures of the salpinx and ovary in the genital system organs of Anatolian wild goat will support other studies seeking to improve reproductive efficiency and eliminate the danger of extinction of this species

Timokinon uygulamasının ratların pankreas dokusunda somatostatin salgısı üzerine etkileri]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), which is the bioactive phytochemical constituent of the seeds oil of Nigella sativa, on somatostatin secretion in the rat pancreatic tissue by immunohistochemical method. Animals (n=30) were divided into 3 groups as follows: control, sham and thymoquinone. While Thymoquinone group received 8 mg/kg of TQ which injected for 14 days, only isotonic saline was injected to the sham group for same time. The control group received nothing. Crossman's triple staining was applied to tissue sections to examine histology. Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex method was used to investigate somatostatin immunoreactivity in the pancreatic tissue. Specific somatostatin immunoreactivities were observed in endocrine cells (islets of Langerhans) in all groups. It was determined that somatostatin secretion increased in the thymoquinone group compared to control and sham. In conclusion, thymoquinone administration was concluded to increase the secretion of somatostatin that is known to regulate certain hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, secretin and gastrin.Namik Kemal University Commission for the Scientific Research (NKUBAP)Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.M9.AR.14.02]This study was supported by Namik Kemal University Commission for the Scientific Research (NKUBAP) (Project No. NKUBAP.00.M9.AR.14.02

Diyabetik Ratlarda Fesleğen (Ocimum sanctum) Uygulamasının Böbrek Dokusunda Tümör Nekrozis Faktör-α ve İnterlökin 1β Salınımı Üzerine Etkileri

This study aims to examine the changes of the Ocimum sanctum treatment on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in the kidney tissue of the rats, in which the experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Forty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: Diabetes, Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum sanctum, Control, and Sham. The immunohistochemical localization of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the kidney tissue was determined by using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Strong TNF-alpha immunoreactivity was determined in the renal cortex of the rats in the Diabetes and Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum groups on 14th days, low immunoreactivity was determined in the rats in Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. While strong IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was observed in the renal cortex of the Diabetes group, moderate IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was observed in the renal cortex of the Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum and low immunoreactivity was determined in the Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. In this study, it was assessed how the polymorphisms, occurring in the cytokine genes of Ocimum sanctum in the rats, in which experimental diabetes was induced, and TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, which was demonstrated to have an important role in the complication development in the diabetic patients affected the renal tissue.Ondokuz Mayis UniversityOndokuz Mayis UniversityHistopathological results was evaluation Prof. Dr. Mahmut Sozmen in the patology Depertment Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University. Thanks to Mahmut Sozmen for contribution

Malathion ve Onosma nigricaule (Boraginaceae)'nin fare böbrek dokusunda katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz-2 (Mn-SOD) salınımı üzerine etkileri]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the plant extract, which is obtained from Onosma nigricaule due to the oxidation parameters caused in mice by malathion that is used as an insecticide in agriculture, on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase-2 (Mn-SOD) in kidney tissues by immunohistochemical technique. A total of 48 male mice (Mus musculus) were used in our study. Mice were divided 6 groups (control group, maize oil group, normal saline group, Onosma nigricaule group, malathion group, Onosma nigrcaule+malathion group). Hematoxylin-eosin and triple staining methods were used for histological and pathological examinations. The localization of CAT and Mn-SOD in the renal tissue was determined using the method of streptavidinbiotin- peroxidase. CAT immunoreactivity was determined with a weak intensity in epithelium of renal tubulus proximalis of mice in the malathion group, with a moderate intensity in Onosma nigricaule+ malathion group and with a higher intensity in tubulus proximalis of other groups. A cytoplasmic Mn-SOD immunoreactivity was determined with weak intensity in renal medulla of mice in malathion group, with moderate intensity in renal medulla of mice in Onosma nigricaule plant extract+ malathion group, maize oil group, and normal saline group and with highly intensity in control and Onosma nigricaule groups. It was concluded that Onosma nigricaule might play a protective role as an antioxidant against the oxidant features of malathion.Kafkas University, BAPKafkas University [2013-KSYO-78]This research was supported by a grant from the Kafkas University, BAP (Project No: 2013-KSYO-78

Immunohistochemical Examination on the Effects of Malathion and Onosma Nigricaule (Boraginaceae) on the Leptin in Renal Tissues of Mice

AimThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the plant extract, which is obtained from Onosma nigricaule due to the oxidation parameters caused in mice by Malathion that is used as an insecticide in agriculture, on leptin in renal tissues in an immunohistochemical way.Material-MethodsA total of 48 male mice were used in our study. 6 groups were determined as the control (group 1), maize oil which is the transport agent of malathion (group 2), normal saline which is the transport agent of plant extract (group 3), Onosma nigricaule (group 4), malathion (group 5) and Onosma nigricaule plant extract + malathion (group 6) group. The localization of leptin in the renal tissue was determined using the method of Streptavidin-Biotin- Peroxidase. Hematoxylin-eosin and triple staining methods were used for histological and pathological examinations.ResultsNo lesion was determined in renal tissues of the control group, normal saline group, maize oil group, Onosma nigricaule malathion and onosma nigricaule + malathion groups. Leptin immunoreactivity was determined with a weak intensity in renal tubulus proximalis and distalis epithelial cells of mice in the onosma nigricaule group, and onosma nigricaule + malathion group and with a high intensity in tubulus proximalis of other groups.ConclusionThis study conducted on mice revealed that malathion, which is commonly used as insecticide in Turkey, affects leptin activities in renal tissue of mice

Immunohistochemical distribution of platelet-derived growth factor-C and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha in small intestine of rats treated with capsaicin

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of capsaicin administration immunohistochemically on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-C and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-alpha release in the small intestine tissues of rats. Rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (subcutaneous drug administration), group 2 (oral drug administration), and group 3 (subcutaneous sham administration). Histometric measurements and counts were performed in order to determine whether there was a difference between groups in terms of height of villi, depth of crypts, and goblet cell count in small intestine. The small intestine was examined by Crossman's triple staining method and streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. As a result of statistical analysis, it was found that body weight increased in group 3, while it decreased in groups 1 and 2. Capsaicin administration increased height of villi, depth of crypts, and count of goblet cells located on villi and crypts. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that capsaicin administration increased PDGF-C and PDGFR-alpha release. It was concluded that capsaicin has a stimulatory effect on growth and is an enhancer for PDGF-C and PDGFR-alpha release

Muhabbet kuşu (Melopsittacus undulatus) ve hint bülbülü (Taeniopygia guttata) yumurta kabu?unun elemental ve ultrastrüktürel yapisinin taramali elektron mikroskop ile karşilaştirilmasi]

The purpose of this study was to investigate elemental and ultrastructural analysis of eggshells of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) using scanning electron microscope. Ten Budgerigar's eggshells and Zebra finch's eggshells were used in this study. The remaining of eggshell membranes were removed after the eggshells were incubated with distilled water overnight and were allowed to dry at room temperature over 24 h. About 0.5 cm2 section was cut from part of equatorial and pole of each eggshell. The Shell was fixed inner, outer and vertical posture to stubs. The samples were examined ratio of element and ultrastructure under scanning electronmicroscope. It was observed calcium (Ca), oxygen (O2), carbon (C) in outer layer and Ca, O2, C, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in inner layer of eggshell membrane. It was determined mamillary and palisade layer of budgerigar's eggshell were thicker than mamillary and palisade layer of zebra finch's eggshell. In conclusion, it was determined eggshells of budgerigar and eggshells of Zebra finch are similar properties

Comparison of Elemental and Ultrastructure of Eggshells of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) with Scanning Electron Microscope

Bu çalışmada, muhabbet kuşu (Melopsittacus undulatus) yumurta kabukları ile hint bülbülü (Taeniopygia guttata) yumurta kabuklarının element düzeyleri ve yapısal özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskop kullanılarak incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada 10 adet muhabbet kuşu ve hint bülbülü yumurtaları kullanıldı. Yumurta kabukları bir gece distile suda bekletildikten sonra kalan zarlar uzaklaştırıldı ve oda ısısında 24 saat kurumaya bırakıldı. Herbir yumurta kabuğunun ekvator ve kutup bölgelerinden yaklaşık 0.5 cm2 ebatlarında örnekler alındı. Yumurta kabuğu örnekleri iç, dış ve dikey olacak şekilde stublara yapıştırıldı. Örnekler taramalı elektron mikroskobunda element oranı ve yapı bakımından incelendi. Yumurta kabuklarının dış tabakalarında kalsiyum (Ca), oksijen (O), karbon (C) iç tabakalarında ise Ca, O2, C, azot (N) ve kükürt (S) elementlerinin yer aldığı tespit edildi. Muhabbet kuşunda mamillary ve palisade tabakalarının hint bülbülü mamillary ve palisade tabakalarına göre daha kalın olduğu görüldü. Sonuçta, muhabbet kuşu ve hint bülbülü yumurta kabuklarının benzer özellikler gösterdiği saptandı.The purpose of this study was to investigate elemental and ultrastructural analysis of eggshells of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) using scanning electron microscope. Ten Budgerigar's eggshells and Zebra finch's eggshells were used in this study. The remaining of eggshell membranes were removed after the eggshells were incubated with distilled water overnight and were allowed to dry at room temperature over 24 h. About 0.5 cm2 section was cut from part of equatorial and pole of each eggshell. The Shell was fixed inner, outer and vertical posture to stubs. The samples were examined ratio of element and ultrastructure under scanning electronmicroscope. It was observed calcium (Ca), oxygen (O2), carbon (C) in outer layer and Ca, O2, C, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in inner layer of eggshell membrane. It was determined mamillary and palisade layer of budgerigar's eggshell were thicker than mamillary and palisade layer of zebra finch's eggshell. In conclusion, it was determined eggshells of budgerigar and eggshells of Zebra finch are similar properties

Muhabbet Kuşu (Melopsittacus undulatus) ve Hint Bülbülü (Taeniopygia guttata) Yumurta Kabuğunun Elemental ve Ultrastrüktürel Yapısının Taramalı Elektron Mikroskop ile Karşılaştırılması*

The purpose of this study was to investigate elemental and ultrastructural analysis of eggshells of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) using scanning electron microscope. Ten Budgerigar's eggshells and Zebra finch's eggshells were used in this study. The remaining of eggshell membranes were removed after the eggshells were incubated with distilled water overnight and were allowed to dry at room temperature over 24 h. About 0.5 cm2 section was cut from part of equatorial and pole of each eggshell. The Shell was fixed inner, outer and vertical posture to stubs. The samples were examined ratio of element and ultrastructure under scanning electronmicroscope. It was observed calcium (Ca), oxygen (O2), carbon (C) in outer layer and Ca, O2, C, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in inner layer of eggshell membrane. It was determined mamillary and palisade layer of budgerigar's eggshell were thicker than mamillary and palisade layer of zebra finch's eggshell. In conclusion, it was determined eggshells of budgerigar and eggshells of Zebra finch are similar properties