Longitudinal patterns of care for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

This study assessed patterns of mental health service use over time by patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) — as compared with patients with schizophrenia and major depression — with emphasis on the persistence and episodic versus continuous nature of use. Data on utilization were extracted from Veterans Health Administration (VA) administrative data bases. Temporal patterns of use were categorized into intervals of inpatient, outpatient, and no use. PTSD patients used substantial amounts of mental health services, but averaged 2.2 nonuse intervals lasting more than 100 days each, implying that use was episodic. Use of mental health services by patients with PTSD is substantial, persistent, and quite episodic. To the extent that use of services reflects the course of the disorder, the results suggest that remissions are usually followed by relapse, and that absence of symptoms does not mean that the disorder has run its course.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43104/1/10960_2005_Article_BF02104101.pd

Study of the thermohydraulics of CO2 discharge from a high pressure reservoir

An experimental test set up has been constructed to carry out controlled CO2 release experiments from a high pressure vessel. The test set up is made up of a 500l stainless steel vessel where CO2 can be introduced up to high pressures and where controlled releases can be conducted. The work objective is to get experimental data that help to understand the thermo-hydraulic behavior of CO2 when discharged from a pressurized vessel and to further improve and validate existing and newly developed release and dispersion models. The aim is to get better insight into the fluid behavior in the vessel as well as in the discharged jet, and to understand the relation between the thermodynamic regime inside the high pressure medium and the mass release rate and jet zone characteristics during the release process.In this experimental work, the impact of varying the release orifice diameter and the initial vessel pressure on the CO2 discharge will be examined and analyzed, and the different thermodynamic regimes inside and outside the high pressure medium will be described and interpreted. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

Egg capsules of the yellownose skate Zearaja chilensis (Guichenot 1848) and the roughskin skate Dipturus trachyderma (Krefft and Stehmann 1974) (Rajiformes: Rajidae) from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean

Egg capsules of Zearaja chilensis were obtained from individuals kept in captivity and from dead specimens captured in Valparaíso Bay, central Chile. One female under laboratory conditions deposited three pairs of egg capsules in 6 days. The egg capsules of Dipturus trachyderma were obtained from a female captured in Valdivia, south Chile. Fresh egg capsules of both species were golden-brown and thick walled. Size of egg capsules of Z. chilensis ranged from 94 to 144 mm in capsule length and 64 to 76 mm in capsule width. Those of D. trachyderma ranged between 197 and 199 mm in capsule length and 110. 0 and 129. 0 mm in capsule width. Range and mean values of capsule length and width of egg capsules described in this study were smaller than those reported for the same species in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. This is the first report on egg-laying rate of Z. chilensis and the first description of egg capsules of Z. chilensis and D. trachyderma from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean