Uticaj genotipa i spoljne sredine na prinos i kvalitet jesenjeg belog luka

Genotype response to changeable environmental factors as ex-pressed through genotype x environment interaction offers important in-formation to breeders and growers as end users. Bulb mass and dry matter yield per bulb are major components of garlic yield and quality. The paper analyzed G x E interaction of 18 winter garlic genotypes (13 populations and five clones) across three growing seasons. Main effects of the genotype, environment and their interaction were determined applying the AMMI model. Year was the major source of variability for bulb mass (70.7%), while G x E interaction amounted to 6.18%. Dry matter yield was most variable under the effect of genotype (46.91%) and the interaction was high, 13.45%. The first principal component was important for bulb mass and dry matter yield since it explained 77.52% and 78.39% of the G x E interactions, respectively. A biplot was constructed to graphically represent the G x E interaction.Značajnu informaciju o genotipu za oplemenjivače i proizvođače kao krajnje korisnike, predstavlja njegov odgovor na promenljive faktore sredine, koji je izražen preko interakcije genotipa sa spoljnom sredinom. Prinos i kvalitet belog luka predstavljeni su masom lukovice i prinosom suve materije po lukovice. U radu je analizirana G x E interakcija 18 genotipova (13 populacija i 5 klonova) jesenjeg belog luka tokom tri vegetacione sezone. Primenom AMMI modela ustanovljeni su glavni efekti genotipova za ispitivane osobine preko glavnog efekta sredine za genotipove i njihove interakcije. Najveći izvor varijabilnosti za masu lukovice imale su godine (70,7%) dok je interakcija iznosila 6,18%. Prinos suve materije je najviše varirao pod uticajem genonotipa (46,91%) i visok udeo interakcije 13,45 %. Za masu lukovice i prinos suve materije je značajna prva glavna komponenta, kojom je objašnjeno 77,52% odnosno 78,39% G x E interakcije. Korišćen je biplot da bi se grafički predstavila G x E interakcija

Uticaj dezificijensa na različite sojeve Listeria monocytogenes

The objective of this work was to determine which of the examined disinfectants represents the agent of choice for isolates of L monocytogenes originating from foodstuffs of animal origin and if there are differences regarding sensitivity associated with specific serotypes. Disinfectant A (sodium hypochlorite + phosphates + alkali) did not exhibit a listericidal effect on any examined serotype, while disinfectants B (10 % hydrochloride of 1- dodecyl-1.4.7- triazooctane - 8- carbonic) and C (acidic iodoform with tenside- iodine complex)) exhibited a listericidal effect against most strains. Desinfectant B had the greatest effect at the highest working concentration (2 %) with a very significant difference (p lt 0.01) in comparison with the listericidal effect of disinfectant C. Analysis of the sensitivity of different serotypes of L monocytogenes showed that, despite evident higher or lower sensitivity to disinfectant B, the antigenic structure (seroype) was not related to the sensitivity of the examined strains. However, with disinfectant C, the greatest listericidal effect was exhibited on serotypes 3a and 112b, while it was smaller for other serotypes of L monocytogenes. Statistically very significant differences (p lt 0.01) and significant differences (p lt 0.05) were detected between the mean inhibition zones of most serotypes of L monocytogents. Therefore, the sensitivity of different strains of L. monocytogenes originating from foodstuffs of animal origin to disinfectants can be related to the antigenic structure, actually the serotype (C) or not (disinfectant B).Cilj ovog rada je da odgovori na dva vrlo značajna pitanja: prvo, koji od ispitivanih dezinficijenasa ispoljava najbolji dezinfekcioni efekat na sojeve Listeria monocytogenes, poreklom iz namirnica animalnog porekla i drugo, da li u pogledu osetljivosti L monocytogenes prema ispitivanim dezinficijensima postoje razlike uslovljene serotipskom pripadnošću. Dezificijens A (natrijum hypochlorit+phosphati+alkalija) nije ispoljio listericidni efekat ni prema jednom ispitivanom serotipu, dok su dezificijensi B (10% hydrochloride 1-dodecil-1,4,7-triazooctan-8-carbonska kiselina) i C (kiseli iodoform satensid-iodnim kompleksom) ispoljili listericidni efekat prema većem broju sojeva. Dezificijens B ispoljio je najviši baktericidni efekat pri najvišoj radnoj koncentraciji sa statistički vrlo značajnom razlikom (p lt 0,01) u odnosu na listericidni efekat dezificijensa C. Analizom rezultata osetljivosti različitih sojeva Listeria monocytogenes utvrđeno je da i pored evidentne ispoljene osetljivosti listerija prema dezificijensu B, antigensa struktura odnosno, serotip nema većeg značaja u pogledu osetljivosti ispitivanih sojeva. Medutim dezificijens C, najveći listericidni efekat ispoljio je prema listerijama serotipa 3a i 1 /2b, dok je prema ostalim serotipovima bio manji. Između aritmetičkih sredina zona inhibicije većine serotipova, utvrđene su statistički vrlo značajne razlike (p lt 0,01), odnosno značajne razlike (p lt 0,05). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je osetljivost različitih sojeva L monocytogenes poreklom iz namirnica animalnog porekla bila ispoljena prema dezinficijensu B, kao i da osetljivost listerija prema ispitivanim dezinficijensima zavisi od njihove antigenske strukture odnosno serotipske pripadnosti

Načini nasleđivanja visine i širine glavice kupusa - Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.

A diallel cross (including reciprocals), involving seven open-pollinated varieties having different head shape was made and 42 F1 hybrids were produced under greenhouse conditions and in the experimental field of Scientific Institute of field and vegetable crops in Novi Sad. The objective of this paper was to determine mean value, components of variability and mode of inheritance of two morphological characters of head shape, head width and head height. In our study superdominance occurred the most with head height (as many as 23 times) and the least with head width (16 times). The negative heterosis was not occurred in any combination as like as partial dominance of the poorer parent. The results showed significant divergence of the traits under study, which will also constitute an important source of variability for future cycles of selection in our Institute.Napravljena su dialelna (uključujući recipročna) ukrštanja sedam slobodnooprašujućih varijeteta kupusa sa različitim oblicima glavice, kao i 42 F1 hibrida, u poljskim i veštačkim uslovima u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Cilj rada je određivanje srednje vrednosti komponenti varijabilnosti i načina nasleđivanja dve morfološke karakteristike oblika glavice, visina i širina. U našem radu superdominantnost se javlja najviše kod visine glavice (u 23 slučaja) a najmanje kod njene širine (16 puta). Negativni heterozis se nije javio ni u jednoj kombinaciji kao ni delimična dominantnost lošijeg roditelja. Rezultati ukazuju značajne razlike izučavanih karakteristika, što predstavlja značajan izvor varijabilnosti za dalje cikluse selekcije u našem Institutu

Kombinacione sposobnosti za dužinu unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg kočana kod kupusa (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L)

A diallel cross, including reciprocals, of seven divergent cabbage cultivars was examined for the combining ability in the lengths of inner and outer stems. These properties affect the appearance and quality of the plant, both of the head alone and of the whole plant. The cultivars Kbose, Ditmar and SM-30, i.e. cultivars Pourovo cervene, Kopenhaski and SM-IO were good general combiners for the length of the inner stem, i.e. the length of the outer stem, respectively. According to these results it can be concluded that high heterosis may be obtained by increasing the number of cultivars possessing high GCA values in the crossing pattern. This would produce combinations with the largest number of desirable genes. In this study, heterosis for the length of the outer stem occurred as many as 30 times while heterosis for the head diameter occurred only 18 times.U radu je upotrebljeno sedam divergentnih sorti kupusa, pri čemu su ukrštene dialelno sa recipročnim ukrštanjima. Od ispitivanih svojstava, u ovom radu su prikazana dužina unutrašnjeg kočana i dužina spoljašnjeg kočana. Oba svojstva utiču na izgled i kvalitet biljke, bilo same glavice, ili čitave biljke. U radu su proučene kombinacione sposobnosti kod ova dva značajna svojstva. Kao dobri opšti kombinaton kod dužine unutrašnjeg kočana pokazale su se sorte Kbose, Ditmar i SM-10, a kod dužine spoljašnjeg kočana Pourovo červene, Kopenhaski i SM-10. Iz toga se može zaključiti da se veće vrednosti heterozisa mogu dobiti, ako je u ukrštanje uključen veći broj sorti sa visokim OKS vrednostima. Ovim bi dobili kombinacije sa najviše poželjnih gena. U ovom radu heterozis se najviše puta pojavio kod dužine spoljašnjeg kočana (čak 30 puta), a najmanje kod prečnika glavice (18 puta)

Doprinosi unapređenju povrtarske proizvodnje za 70 godina rada Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo

Vegetables comprise a fairly large number of crop species differing phenotypically and genotypically as well as in how they are grown and used. The main task of vegetable production is increased production of quality vegetables. In this context, breeding is of special importance as the basis for the development of new and improved cultivars and hybrids. Breeding of vegetables has always had as its goal the development of cultivars with increased genetic potentials for yield for the purpose of increasing total vegetable production and the quality of human nutrition. In the last few decades, new techniques have been added to the list of traditional methods of breeding and developing new vegetable cultivars. The new methods of vegetable selection have focused on resolving the issues of early maturity, heterosis, inheritance of certain traits, resistance to diseases and pests, and so on. The vegetable cultivars developed at the Institute have been designed not only to have a high genetic potential for yield but also to be able to satisfy the requirements of the discerning vegetable market in terms of appearance and taste as well as to be well-adapted to the domestic agroecological conditions. The Institute's vegetable program has released on the domestic and foreign markets a range of cultivars intended for fresh use, processing and canning that can be successfully grown year round both indoors and outdoors.Povrće je skup većeg broja biljnih vrsta koje se međusobno razlikuju kako po fenotipu i genotipu tako i po načinu gajenja i korišćenja. Osnovni zadatak u proizvodnji povrća jeste povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća. Od posebnog značaja za takav vid povećanja proizvodnje jeste selekcija kao osnova stvaranja novih i boljih sorti i hibrida. Oplemenjivanje povrtarskih biljaka imalo je za cilj, u prošlosti i sadašnjosti, stvaranje soti većeg genetskog potencijala rodnosti, a za povećanje ukupne povrtarske proizvodnje, za bolju i kvalitetniju ljudsku ishranu. U poslednjih nekoliko decenija tradicionalni načini oplemenjivanja i stvaranja novih sorti prošireni su uvođenjem novih tehnika. Korišćenjem savremenih metoda oplemenjivanja kod povrtarskih biljaka rad je usmeren na rešavanja pitanja ranostasnosti, heterozisa, nasleđivanja pojedinih osobina, otpornosti prema bolestima i štetočinama, itd. Pored stvaranja sorti visokog genetičkog prinosa, vodilo se računa i o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zado- voljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća i da su prilagođene našim agroekološkim uslovima gajenja. Stvoren je određeni sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu, a može uspešno da se gaji tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju svežem, prerađenom i konzervisanom stanju

Genetika i oplemenjivanje u Zavodu za povrtarstvo tokom 40 godina seminara agronoma

In all of its work on vegetables thus far, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has been keeping pace with the latest advancements in vegetable genetics and breeding using all the newest methods to make its work in this field easier, faster, safer and more successful. The Institute workers have been making sure that the vegetable cultivars they develop not only produce high yields but also that they meet the requirements of the highly discriminating vegetable market in their appearance and flavor as well as that they are adapted to our country agroecological conditions and economical in their consumption of all agricultural inputs. They have developed and released home and abroad a range of vegetable cultivars that make it possible to increase the production of high-quality vegetables and grow vegetable cultivars suitable for fresh use, processing and canning all year round outdoors as well as indoors. The range includes domestic and domesticated varietal populations as well as newly developed cultivars and hybrids. The Institute vegetable cultivars and specific recommendations for their successful production have been presented at the Seminar of Agronomists hosted by the Institute as well as at many other scientific and technical meetings.Tokom dosadašnjeg rada na genetici i oplemenjivanu povrća u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo praćen je napredak u toj oblasti i korišćene sve savremene metode radi olakšavanja, ubrzavanja i činjenja tog rada sigurnijim i uspešnijim. Sem o stvaranju sorata visokog prinosa vodilo se računa o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zadovoljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća, da su prilagođene našim agroklimatskim uslovima i ekonomične u potrošnji svih inputa u proizvodnju. Stvoren je sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu koji daje mogućnost povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća i gajenje tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju u svežem, prerađenom ili konzervnom stanju. Ovaj sortiment čine domaće i odomaćene sortne populacije i novostvorene sorte i hibridi. Sorte i specifični saveti za njihovu uspešnu proizvodnju prezentovani su na Seminarima agronoma novosadskog Instituta i mnogobrojnim drugim naučnim i stručnim skupovima

Proizvodnja belog luka sa aspekta sadnog materijala

Over the last ten years in Serbia, garlic has been produced on about 9,000 ha annually. Although this makes Serbia a major European producer of the crop in terms of area planted, the total production of garlic in the country is still very low. The increase of average yield and production of garlic in Serbia requires the introduction of modern varieties and the use of certified planting material. The present paper discusses the main biological characteristics of garlic, with special emphasis on the principles of planting material production. The advancement and expansion of garlic production in Serbia could make garlic one of the country's major exports to European markets.Proizvodnja belog luka u Srbiji u poslednjih deset godina se organizuje na oko 9000 ha, tako da smo prema zasađenim površinama značajni evropski proizvođači, ali ukupna produkcija je veoma niska. Da bi se povećala proizvodnja, a samim tim i prosečan prinos neophodno je uvođenje savremenog sortimenta uz korišćenje deklarisanog sadnog materijala. U radu su prikazane osnovne biološke specifičnosti belog luka, sa posebnim osvrtom na principe proizvodnje sadnog materijala. Unapređenjem i proširenjem ove proizvodnje beli luk bi postao značajan proizvod u izvozu na evropsko tržište

Proizvodnja semena povrća

Because of the biological particularities of vegetables, different methods are used to produce seeds of different vegetable species. The large number of vegetable species, differences in their reproduction coefficients, and the considerable necessity for human labor all make vegetable seed production diverse and specific as well as profitable. This is what makes vegetable seed production such an important part of the Institute activities, which have a large influence on the volume, quality and development of vegetable seed production in the country. Importantly, almost 90% of our country vegetable seed production (with the exception of potato) takes place in the province of Vojvodina. The Institute organized production of vegetable seeds contributes to the overall success of this activity at the national level and provides growers with seeds of over 80 vegetable cultivars and hybrids, encompassing 28 different vegetable species in total. Vegetable seed production is diverse and species-specific. Some vegetable species reproduce vegetatively, some by generative propagation, while some do it both ways. An important issue that must not be overlooked when producing vegetable seeds is that of spatial isolation, as some species are self-pollinated, while others are open-pollinated or facultative. Based on the acreage sown in 2004, the annual demand for vegetable seeds (excluding potato) in Serbia is around 19,000 tons. The Institute produces around 30 different vegetable species, including more than 80 cultivars and hybrids. In addition to producing seeds of high seed categories (super elite and elite), the Institute also produces commercial seeds (original and certified) for the domestic and foreign markets.Biološke specifičnosti povrća uslovljavaju različite metode pri proizvodnji semena. Brojnost vrsta, razlike u koeficijentu razmnožavanja i značajno učešće ljudskog rada čine proizvodnju semena povrća raznolikom, specifičnom ali i profitabilnom. Stoga je semenarstvo povrća toliko značajna naučna i stručna oblast delovanja ali i uticaja Instituta na nivo i kvalitet proizvodnje i razvoj semenske proizvodnje povrća u zemlji. To je značajno i zbog činjenice da se skoro 90% semenske proizvodnje povrća odvija u Vojvodini (izuzev krompira). Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo organizovanom proizvodnjom doprinosi uspešnoj proizvodnji semena povrća i obezbeđuje proizvođače semenom od 28 povrtarskih vrsta, što uključuje preko 80 sorata i hibrida povrća. Proizvodnja semena povrća je specifična i raznovrsna. Neke vrste se razmnožavaju vegetativno, druge generativno, a neke na oba načina. U ovoj proizvodnji se mora voditi računa o prostornoj izolaciji, s obzirom na način oplodnje, jer su neke samooplodne, druge stranooplodne ili fakultativne vrste. Na osnovu zasejanih površina u Srbiji 2004 godine, godišnje potrebe za semenom povrća iznose oko 19000 tona (sem krompira). Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo se bavi proizvodnjom od oko 30 povrtarskih vrsta, što uključuje preko 80 sorata i hibrida. Pored proizvodnje visokih kategorija semena (superelite i elite), proizvodi se i komercijalno seme (originali i prva sortna reprodukcija) za potrebe domaćeg prometa i izvoza

Optical interconnects and filters based on waveguide arrays

Rapidly increasing demand for higher data bandwidths has motivated exploration of new communication channels based on spatially multiplexed in-fibre and on-chip coupled light guides [1]. However, the conventionally used periodically arranged coupled waveguides display complicated light propagation patterns, ranging from quasiperiodic to nearly chaotic. Taking a different approach, we spectrally engineer interwaveguide coupling to instigate self-imaging of the input light state at the array output and thus enable construction of novel high-fidelity interconnects [2]. Simple implementation via modulation of the interwaveguide separations makes these interconnects realizable in all fabrication platforms. Moreover, the wavelength dependent self-imaging opens up possibilities for construction of new multiplexing devices [3]. Here, we present designs of band-pass filters and dichroic splitters for VIS and NIR and propose the strategies for selection of their central wavelengths and bandwidths.IX International School and Conference on Photonics : PHOTONICA2023 : book of abstracts; August 28 - September 1, 2023; Belgrad

Multiport splitters based on waveguide arrays

Conventional designs of multiport splitters rely on concatenation of directional couplers or multimode interference [1,2]. However, the splitters show a considerable insertion loss and fast bandwidth drop with the number of ports. Inverse nanodesigns enable broad-bandwidth semiconductor splitters, however, at high fabrication and design costs [3,4]. In this work, we present fast and low-cost inverse designs of multiport splitters with near-zero insertion loss and respectable bandwidth. Designs are based on adjustments of the separations or lengths of waveguides composing a linearly coupled waveguide array. By tailoring the separations to achieve self-imaging of the input light pattern, a series of 1×N splitters can be achieved prior to the revival [5,6]. To demonstrate the technique, the power splitters were fabricated in a borosilicate wafer by femtosecond laser writing method [7]. The splitters show zero insertion loss within the experimental error, bandwidth of 20−60 nm around a wavelength of 640 nm and low imbalance < 0.5 dB [8]. Their footprint scales exponentially with the waveguide separation, which can be reduced to the limit of mode confinement. The footprint reduction is particularly pronounced in waveguides with high refractive index contrast, such as those in SOI, where we design the splitters with the footprint as small as 6 μm2. The proposed splitters offer new possibilities for path-entanglement generation, multipath interferometry on chip and spatial mode multiplexing.IX International School and Conference on Photonics : PHOTONICA2023 : book of abstracts; August 28 - September 1, 2023; Belgrad