SELECTED EXCIPIENTS IN ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM WITH DRY EXTRACT OF PYROLA ROTUNDIFOLIA L.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to select excipients in an oral solid dosage form with a dry extract of round-leaved wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia L.) by using asymmetric, rotatable composite plan of the second-order (uniform plan No. 17). Methods: The tablets were prepared by using a direct compression method. The most important pharmaceutical factors selected were considered in more details at developing the optimal composition and technology of the studied tablets of the round-leaved wintergreen extract. Each one was studied at five levels using asymmetric, rotatable composite plan of the second order. Results: Increasing amounts of PROSOLV® EASYtab SP and croscarmellose sodium in the powder mass, its flowability decreases, and increasing amounts of Tablettose® 80 improves flowability. Increasing the amount of Tablettose® 80 in the tablets composition leads to improved uniformity. The strength of the tablets increased with increasing amounts of Neusilin® US 2 at different combinations of levels of the other three factors. When studying the effect of the amounts of croscarmellose sodium on the disintegration of tablets, it was found that the best disintegration values were obtained in the study of croscarmellose sodium at the upper level. Conclusion: Oral solid dosage form with dry extract of round-leaved wintergreen was successfully prepared by the direct compression method. The optimal composition of tablets was determined by the regression analysis

DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND SUGARS CONTENT IN ANTENNARIA DIOICA GAERTN

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine sugars and amino acids content of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb. In continuation of the investigation of biologically active substances from Antennaria dioica Gaertn., it advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of sugars and amino acids from the herb of this plant. Methods: The herb of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. was analyzed for the content of sugars by GC/MS. The amino acids were identified and quantified by HPLC method. Results: The results of GC/MS analysis showed that in Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb D-glucose had the highest content (7.16±0.09) mg/g, followed by D-fructose (5.27±0.06) mg/g and D-saccharose (6.72±0.08) mg/g. In the raw material a large amount of monosaccharides derivative–Myo-inositol was revealed, a content of which was (2.12±0.06) mg/g. We determined 17 bound and 16 free amino acids in the Antennaria dioica Gaertn. by HPLC method. Conclusion: The contents of primary metabolites provide opportunities for creating medicine and food supplements. The results show that Antennaria dioica Gaertn. is a rich source of these important biologically active substances. The resulting data will be used with the further purpose to produce new drugs of natural origin

HPLC ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN CRAMBE CORDIFOLIA AND CRAMBE KOKTEBELICA LEAVES

Objective: The aim of our study was to establish the content of some primary metabolites, such as amino acids in Crambe cordifolia and Crambe koktebelica. The lack of experimental data induced us to determine these compounds. Methods: Crambe cordifolia and Crambe koktebelica leaves were selected as the objects of the study. The amino acids in the raw materials were determined by the HPLC method. Results: The results of the research revealed that the leaves of Crambe cordifolia and Crambe koktebelica contain fifteen and sixteen free amino acids respectively. Among the free amino acids L-histidine was presented in Crambe cordifolia leaves in the greatest amount, its content was 12.19 µg/mg. The content of free L-arginine, L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine was the greatest in Crambe koktebelica leaves, it was 2.23 µg/mg, 2.04 µg/mg, 1.74 µg/mg, 1.50 µg/mg respectively. The content of bound L-glutamic acid, Glycine, L-arginine, L-leucine was the highest in Crambe cordifolia and Crambe koktebelica leaves. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Crambe cordifolia and Crambe koktebelica can be considered as a source of highly digestible amino acids that can be used to treat some diseases

DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATES CONTENT IN GENTIANA CRUCIATA L. BY GC/MS METHOD

Objective: Thus, the aim of our research was to determine the qualitative composition and quantitative content of carbohydrates in the studied plant material with the prospect of its application as a medicinal plant raw material. Methods: The carbohydrates of the herb of Gentiana cruciata L. determined by GC/MS method. Identification of monosaccharides was based on comparing their retention times with retention times of standards of the mass spectral library NIST 02. Quantification was done by using sorbitol added to the sample. Results: The quantitative content of 4 free carbohydrates such as D-saccharose (38.39 mg/g), D-Pinitol (12.01 mg/g), D-glucose (10.05 mg/g) and D-fructose (1.69 mg/g) was established in the herb of Gentiana cruciata L. Also, this method established the qualitative composition and quantitative content of eight carbohydrates (monosaccharides and their derivatives after hydrolysis): D-glucose (29.66 mg/g), D-Pinitol (22.24 mg/g), L-arabinose (4.26 mg/g), D-galactose (3.55 mg/g), D-xylose (1.80 mg/g), L-rhamnose (1.49 mg/g), D-Dulcitol (0.76 mg/g) and D-mannose (0.44 mg/g). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that carbohydrates from the Gentiana cruciata L. can be used as important resources of new ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry

Determination of amino acids of plants from Angelica L. genus by HPLC method

One of the tasks of pharmaceutical science is to find new sources of effective drugs. Such sources include plants such as Angelica archangelica L. and Angelica sylvestris L., which have been used for many years to treat various diseases in folk medicine. Because the chemical composition of these plants is poorly understood, the aim of our study was to investigate the amino acid composition of the leaves of A. archangelica L. and A. sylvestris L. The amino acids of the leaves of the study species of the genus Angelica L. were determined by the HPLC method. Eighteen free and nineteen bound amino acids were identified in the leaves of A. archangelica L. The A. sylvestris L. leaves contained nineteen free and the same amount of bound amino acids. High concentrations of free and bound amino acids such as L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid predominate in A. archangelica L. and A. sylvestris L. This allowed these amino acids to be considered distinguishing markers of the study plants. Character metabolic processes in which these amino acids take part may be associated with the medicinal properties of these plants pursuant to their use in medicine and, therefore, may contribute to the insight of their therapeutic properties

Determination of carbohydrates and fructans content in Cyperus esculentus L.

The tiger nut contains different active ingredients like oil, tannins, sterols, saponins, alkaloids, vitamins C and E, minerals, and resins. There is a lack of information about carbohydrates content of Cyperus esculentus L. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the content of carbohydrates of tiger nut herb and tubers. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of carbohydrates in tubers and herb of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) were determined by using a GC/MS method. The results of analysis showed that tiger nut herb have free carbohydrates, namely D-saccharose, D-glucose, D-Mannitol, and D-fructose, while tubers have only disaccharide D-saccharose. Free D-saccharose presented in raw materials in the greatest amount, the content in tubers was 63.72 mg/g, in the herb – 9.79 mg/g, respectively. Monosaccharides and their derivatives after hydrolysis presented to D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, D-arabinose in tubers, and D-xylose, D-glucose, D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-Dulcitol, D-Mannitol, D-mannose in the herb of tiger nut. D-glucose dominates in tubers and D-xylose in the herb, their content was 177.26 mg/g and 39.07 mg/g, respectively. The total content of fructans was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Its content was 13.49% in tubers and 8.78% in the herb of tiger nut

Determination of amino acids of plants from Angelica L. genus by HPLC method

One of the tasks of pharmaceutical science is to find new sources of effective drugs. Such sources include plants such as Angelica archangelica L. and Angelica sylvestris L., which have been used for many years to treat various diseases in folk medicine. Because the chemical composition of these plants is poorly understood, the aim of our study was to investigate the amino acid composition of the leaves of A. archangelica L. and A. sylvestris L. The amino acids of the leaves of the study species of the genus Angelica L. were determined by the HPLC method. Eighteen free and nineteen bound amino acids were identified in the leaves of A. archangelica L. The A. sylvestris L. leaves contained nineteen free and the same amount of bound amino acids. High concentrations of free and bound amino acids such as L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid predominate in A. archangelica L. and A. sylvestris L. This allowed these amino acids to be considered distinguishing markers of the study plants. Character metabolic processes in which these amino acids take part may be associated with the medicinal properties of these plants pursuant to their use in medicine and, therefore, may contribute to the insight of their therapeutic properties

Analysis of carboxylic acids of Crambe cordifolia Steven

Crambe cordifolia Steven is a perennial herb and contains many biologically active substances, including amino acids, quercetin and glycosides of kaempferol. In continuation of the investigation of these plant compounds, it is advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of carboxylic acids. Using a HPLC method the quantitative content of the following organic acids was identified and determined: pyruvic (40.66 mg/g), isocitric (12.88 mg/g), citric (8.71 mg/g), succinic (38.03 mg/g) and malic (0.75 mg/g). Among fatty acids the saturated and unsaturated acids were determined by the GC/MS method. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the total fatty acids was 56.97%, saturated – 38.53% and monounsaturated – 4.50%. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominated among the determined 7 fatty acids, their content was 9.68 mg/g (47.87%) and 4.88 mg/g (24.14%). The results of the study show that Crambe cordifolia Steven leaves is a source of carboxylic acids

Вивчення жирнокислотного складу Arnica foliosa Nutt. методом ГХ/МС

Medicinal plants have been considered as an important source for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The genus Arnica L. is a genus of Asteraceae family, many species of which are used in traditional medicine. Arnica chamissonis Less. and Arnica foliosa Nutt., which belong to plants of the genus Arnica L., are successfully grown in the culture. There is insufficient information in the literature on the biologically active substances of Arnica foliosa Nutt. The presence of sesquiterpene lactones in the leaves and inflorescences is indicated. The flowers contain polysaccharides, monosaccharides, which mainly contain D-glucose and D-xylose, as well as phenolic compounds (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol) and essential oils.The aim. The aim of our study was to identify and determine the quantitative content of fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS) in Arnica foliosa Nutt. herb.Materials and methods. The determination of fatty acids composition of Arnica foliosa Nutt. was carried out by gas chromatograph Agilent 6890N with a mass detector 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, USA).Results. The analysis of Arnica foliosa Nutt. herb showed a mixture of saturated (1.61 mg/g; 48.79 %) and unsaturated (1.69 mg/g; 51.21 % from total content acids) fatty acids. The main components of Arnica foliosa Nutt. herb were palmitic (1.02 mg/g; 30.91 % from total content acids), linolenic (0.96 mg/g; 29.09 % from total content acids) and linoleic (0.67 mg/g; 20.30 % from total content acids) acids. This raw material is a source of essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid).Conclusions. As a result of Arnica foliosa Nutt. research, the presence of fatty acids is established in its raw material. The dominant fatty acids in the studied raw material were palmitic, linolenic and linoleic acids, the content of which was 30.91 % (1.02 mg/g), 29.09 % (0.96 mg/g) and 20.30 % (0.67 mg/g) from total content acids, respectively. The result shows that Arnica foliosa Nutt. is the source of fatty acids, so the use of this plant raw material for new remedies is possible in the futureЛекарственные растения стали важным источником для профилактики и лечения различных заболеваний. Род Arnica L. – род семейства астровых, многие виды которого используются в традиционной медицине. Arnica chamissonis Less. и Arnica foliosa Nutt., принадлежащие к растениям рода Arnica L., успешно выращиваются в культуре. В литературе недостаточно информации о биологически активных веществах Arnica foliosa Nutt. Показано наличие сесквитерпеновых лактонов в листьях и соцветиях. Цветки содержат полисахариды, моносахариды, которые в основном содержат D-глюкозу и D-ксилозу, а также фенольные соединения (кверцетин, лютеолин, кемпферол) и эфирные масла.Цель. Целью нашего исследования была идентификация и определение количественного содержания жирных кислот методом газовой хромато-масс-спектрометрии (ГХ/МС) в траве Arnica foliosa Nutt.Материалы и методы. Определение жирнокислотного состава Arnica foliosa Nutt. проводили на газовом хроматографе Agilent 6890N с масс-детектором 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, США).Результаты. Анализ травы Arnica foliosa Nutt. показал наличие насыщенных (1,61 мг/г; 48,79 % от общего количества всех кислот) и ненасыщенных (1,69 мг/г; 51,21 % от общего количества всех кислот) жирных кислот. Основными компонентами Arnica foliosa Nutt. были пальмитиновая (1,02 мг/г; 30,91 % от общего количества всех кислот), линоленовая (0,96 мг/г; 29,09 % от общего количества всех кислот) и линолевая (0,67 мг/г; 20,30 % от общего количества всех кислот) кислоты. Это сырье может быть источником незаменимых жирных кислот, таких как омега-3 (линоленовая кислота) и омега-6 (линолевая кислота).Выводы. В результате исследования, в сырье Arnica foliosa Nutt., установлено наличие жирных кислот. Доминирующими жирными кислотами в исследуемом сырье были пальмитиновая, линоленовая и линолевая кислоты, содержание которых составляло 30,91 % (1,02 мг/г), 29,09 % (0,96 мг/г) и 20,30 % (0,67 мг/г) от общего количества всех кислот, соответственно. Результат исследования показывает, что Arnica foliosa Nutt. может быть источником жирных кислот, поэтому перспективно использование этого растительного сырья для получения новых лекарственных средств в будущемЛікарські рослини стали важливим джерелом для профілактики та лікування різних захворювань. Рід Arnica L. – рід родини айстрових, багато видів якого використовують у традиційній медицині. Arnica chamissonis Less. та Arnica foliosa Nutt., що належать до рослин роду Arnica L., добре культивуються. У літературі недостатньо інформації про біологічно активні речовини Arnica foliosa Nutt. Указано про наявність у листках та суцвіттях сесквітерпенових лактонів. Квітки містять полісахариди, моносахариди, переважно D-глюкозу та D-ксилозу, а також фенольні сполуки (кверцетин, лютеолін, кемпферол) та ефірні олії.Мета. Метою нашого дослідження була ідентифікація та визначення кількісного вмісту жирних кислот методом газової хромато-мас-спектрометрії (ГХ/МС) у траві Arnica foliosa Nutt.Матеріали і методи. Визначення жирнокислотного складу Arnica foliosa Nutt. проводили на газовому хроматографом Agilent 6890N із мас-детектором 5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, США).Результати. Аналіз трави Arnica foliosa Nutt. показав наявність насичених (1,61 мг / г; 48,79 % від загальної кількості усіх кислот) та ненасичених (1,69 мг / г; 51,21 % від загальної кількості усіх кислот) жирних кислот. Основними компонентами Arnica foliosa Nutt. були пальмітинова (1,02 мг / г; 30,91 % від загальної кількості усіх кислот), ліноленова (0,96 мг / г; 29,09 % від загальної кількості усіх кислот) та лінолева (0,67 мг / г; 20,30 % від загальної кількості усіх кислот) кислоти. Ця сировина може бути джерелом незамінних жирних кислот, таких як омега-3 (ліноленова кислота) та омега-6 (лінолева кислота).Висновки. У результаті дослідження, в сировині Arnica foliosa Nutt., встановлено наявність жирних кислот. Домінуючими жирними кислотами у досліджуваній сировині були пальмітинова, ліноленова та лінолева кислоти, вміст яких становив 30,91 % (1,02 мг/г), 29,09 % (0,96 мг/г) та 20,30 % (0,67 мг/г) від загальної кількості усіх кислот, відповідно. Результат дослідження показує, що трава Arnica foliosa Nutt. може бути джерелом жирних кислот, тому перспективним є використання цієї рослинної сировини для одержання нових лікарських засобів у майбутньом

Determination of the optimum extraction regime of reducing compounds and flavonoids of Primula denticulata Smith leaves by a dispersion analysis

Herbal medicines are widely used in the complex treatment of various diseases. Therefore, theoretical and practical interest is the in-depth study of drumstick primrose (Primula denticulata Smith). The study aimed to determine the optimal extraction mode of flavonoids and reducing compounds of drumstick primrose leaves. The concentration of ethanol, the ratio of raw materials and extractant, and extraction method were studied by dispersion analysis. This allowed reducing the number of experiments from 64 to 16. To obtain the alcohol extract of drumstick primrose leaves with the highest content of reducing compounds and flavonoids, found that maceration is the optimal method of extraction, the ratio of raw materials to extractant should be 1 to 5 and 40% ethanol is the most appropriate extractant