How to maintain home nutrition therapy after recovery from COVID-19

Survivor patients need enough calories and protein to replace their body weight and protein lost during hospitalized. Especially for COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU often longer than ordinary pneumonia cases, up to 2-3 weeks, followed by severe weight lost

Electrolux refrigerator brand maintains freshness and antioxidant nutrient contents of selected vegetables and fruit better than other brands

The aim of this study was to compare Electrolux refrigerator brand in maintaining freshness and antioxidant-nutrient contents of selected vegetables and fruit during the period of three weeks compare to other brands (B®, C® and D®)

In memoriam Prof. Dr. dr. Saptawati Bardosono, MSc

The passing of Prof. Saptawati Bardosono on October 15th last year was a great sadness and loss for the entire scientific community, especially nutrition-related. It was also an immeasurable grief for us, the editorial team of World Nutrition Journal

The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia Status and High Gastric Residual Volume Status in Adult ICU Patients

Introduction: Hyperglycemia commonly occurs in critically ill patients due to metabolic stress. Hyperglycemia can cause gastric motility disturbance in which can cause high gastric residual volume (GRV). The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status in ICU patients. Methods: This study used cross sectional method with consecutive sampling of 96 adult ICU patients. Blood glucose level were measured every 12 hours and GRV every 4 hours on first and second day admission to ICU. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science Program (SPSS) version 20.0. The relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Hyperglycemia status was found in 45.8% subjects on day 1 and 35.4% on day 2. High GRV status was found in 28.1% on day 1 and 25% on day 2. There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status on day 1 and 2 (p=0.34 and 0.81).  However, in 12 subjects, we found high GRV occurred 19.67 ± 11.06 hours after the onset of hyperglycemia. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status, but high GRV could be found later after hyperglycemia

The Effect of Specific Oral Nutritional Supplements Compared to Tea with Sugar on Gastric Emptying Time, Blood Glucose Level, and Hunger Response in Healthy Adults

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare gastric emptying time, hunger response, and blood glucose level after drinking specific oral nutritional supplements (S-ONS) to tea with sugar in healthy adults. Methods: This study was a clinical, parallel, random allocation, and single-blind trial. This study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The subjects were 12 healthy adults divided into 2 groups: intervention group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). Patients in the intervention group received 200 mL S-ONS (200 kcal, 18% protein, 20% fat and 62% carbohydrate) and control group received 200 mL of tea with 10 grams of sugar (40 kcal). Gastric volume was measured using 2D-sonography every 30 minutes. Blood glucose level was measured using blood peripheral sample. Hunger response was measured using visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Gastric emptying time in the intervention group was <90 minutes, and in the control group <60 minutes. Blood glucose level was increased in the intervention group and decreased in control group. Hunger response was decreased in intervention group and increased in control group. Conclusion: Gastric emptying time after either drinking S-ONS and drinking tea with sugar in healthy adults subjects were less than 2 hours. Patients receiving S-ONS had significantly higher blood glucose level and were less hungry than the control group

Commercial Powder and Ready-to-use Enteral Nutrition had better Accuracy in Energy and Macronutrients Content Compared to Homebrew.

Background and Objective In Indonesia, homebrew, commercial powder and ready-to-use enteral formula have been used in hospital and at home. However, the decision to choose enteral formula is influenced by various things and often does not based on evidence-based practice. This study aims to compare macronutrient accuracy and microbial contamination status of homebrew, commercial powder and ready-to-use enteral formula. Furthermore, this result was expected to become a reference in deciding the enteral formula to use..Methods The design was a cross sectional comparative study. We collected 63 enteral nutrition samples from 7 different ICUs, wards and homes, in Jakarta from April to June 2012.  Macronutrient accuracy was assessed by comparing energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat to their nutritional fact labels. The macronutrient accuracy was considered to be good if the deviation was <10% and bad if >10%. Microbial contamination was considered to be acceptable if the contamination in enteral formula by coliform was <3 MPN/mL, total plate count (TPC) <10 CFU/mL, and Staphylococcus aureus < 10 CFU/mL. Results Homebrew had bad accuracy in calorie, carbohydrate and fat; commercial powder enteral formula had slightly bad accuracy in fat; ready-to-use enteral formula had bad accuracy in carbohydrate and fat. There was no sample contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus.  Contamination by coliform and TPC was most acceptable in ready-to-use enteral formula than others, and the least in homebrew. Conclusions Commercial and ready-to-use enteral nutrition are more acceptable than homebrew in macronutrients accuracy and microbial contamination status

The effect of vitamin C and E combination on sperm quality and cement 8-OHdG level of smoke exposed rats

Introduction: Cigarette smoke causes oxidative stress which results in reduced sperm concentration, motility and morphology, also increased levels of 8-OHdG as a marker of DNA damage. Vitamin C and E have potential role in repairing spermatozoa damages. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin C and E combination on sperm quality and cement 8-OHdG level of smoke exposed rats. Methods: This study used a post test only control group design among 18 male Wistar rats subject, aged 8 week, 150-200 grams body weight (BW). The subject was randomly divided into 3 groups, K1: control, K2: cigarettes smoke exposed, K3: cigarettes smoke exposed and given a combination of 0.045 mg/gBW vitamin C and 0.036 IU/gBW vitamin E per oral. Analysis was done on day 21 using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD for sperm concentration, motility and morphology; using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for cement 8- OHdG levels. Results: The lowest sperm concentration was found in   K2 (K2  32.59  million/mL,  K1 47.91 million/mL, K 339.43 million/mL); the lowest normal sperm motility was found in K2 (K 238.97%, K 164.57%, K3 51.43%); the lowest normal sperm morphology was found in K2 (K2 27.56%, K 138.36%, K 331.18%); and the highest cement 8- OHdG level was found in K2 (K2 20.18ng/mL, K1 3.43ng/mL, K3 5.28ng/mL). Conclusion: Combination of vitamin C and E can improve sperm concentration, motility and morphology and decrease cement 8-OHdG levels of smoke exposed rats

Overview of knowlegde, attitude and practice about breakfast among students in faculty of medicine and health sciences of Krida Wacana Christian University in 2020

Breakfast is beneficial for maintaining concentration, mental health, and improving cognitive function. Students are expected to have knowledge, attitude and good behavior regarding breakfast. This study aims to obtain an overview of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about breakfast among students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Krida Wacana Christian University, in 2020

Nitrogen Balance and Its relation with Energy and Protein Intake in Criticaly Ill Elderly Patients

Introduction:Nitrogen balance in criticaly ill patients has the tendency to be negative due to stress response. In the elderly patients, the metabolic changes risk to worsening nitrogen balance. The aim of this study was to determine nitrogen balance and its correlation with energy and protein intake in critically ill elderly patients within 48 hours in ICU. Methods: The method was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 26 critically ill elderly subjects. Inclusion criteria were patients admitted to ICU, age >60 years old, male/female, whose family/relatives agreed to join this study. Patients who had urine output <0,5 mL/kg/hours were excluded. Data collected were energy and protein intake, urinary urea nitrogen (UUN), and nitrogen balance during 24 hours I and II of admission. Results: The median age was 70 (61 – 85)  years old, body mass index was 22. 9 ­+  2.7 kg/m2, most of the subjects were surgical patients. In  24 hours I and II, the nitrogen balances were -5.2 (-31.2 − -4.1) and  -4.5 + 4.6 respectively, energy intakes were not significantly different; 78.8 + 45.0% and 91.1 + 50.2% respectively, and protein intakes were significantly different; 34.1 + 19.3 g/d and  41.2 + 21.3 g/d respectively. There was positive correlation between nitrogen balance and energy intake; r=0.6 and r=0.5, and also between protein intake; r=0.5 and r=0.4, in 24 hours I and II respectively. Conclusion: There were significantly positive correlation between nitrogen balance with energy and protein intake

The Relationship Between Hyperglycemia Status and High Gastric Residual Volume Status in Adult ICU Patients

Introduction: Hyperglycemia commonly occurs in critically ill patients due to metabolic stress. Hyperglycemia can cause gastric motility disturbance in which can cause high gastric residual volume (GRV). The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status in ICU patients. Methods: This study used cross sectional method with consecutive sampling of 96 adult ICU patients. Blood glucose level were measured every 12 hours and GRV every 4 hours on first and second day admission to ICU. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science Program (SPSS) version 20.0. The relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Results: Hyperglycemia status was found in 45.8% subjects on day 1 and 35.4% on day 2. High GRV status was found in 28.1% on day 1 and 25% on day 2. There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia and high GRV status on day 1 and 2 (p=0.34 and 0.81).  However, in 12 subjects, we found high GRV occurred 19.67 ± 11.06 hours after the onset of hyperglycemia. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between hyperglycemia status and high GRV status, but high GRV could be found later after hyperglycemia