37 research outputs found
Three-dimensional simulator: training for beginners in endovascular embolization with liquid agents
Background: To design a simulator for novices without prior experience in embolization with liquid agents such as n-Butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and to evaluate the simulator using surveys and post hoc video analysis.
Materials and methods: The simulator was created using computer-aided design software and three-dimensionally printed. Before an embolization, trainees completed questionnaires regarding their level of expertise and self-reported confidence level. The participants were shown an instruction video and each participant performed four embolizations on the simulator. Subsequently, the participants completed surveys on self-reported confidence level and assessed the simulator's face and content validity.
Results: Five experts and twelve novices trained on the simulator. The experts were radiology residents and fellows with at least 5 years of work experience in interventional radiology. The novices were medical students and radiology residents without any previous experience with embolization. Based on the surveys, the experts assessed the simulator as very useful for embolization training. Performance, e.g. mean duration embolization between experts (mean +/- standard deviation = 189 +/- 42 s) and novices (mean +/- standard deviation = 235 +/- 66 s) were significantly different (p = .001). The overall simulation of the embolization process, simulated complications, and educational capabilities of the simulator were evaluated positively. In the novice group the self-reported confidence level significantly increased (p = .001).
Conclusion: The liquid embolization simulator proposed here is a suitable educational tool for training embolization procedures. It reduces the duration of embolization procedures and improves the confidence level of beginners in embolization
Evaluation of Open Surgical and Endovascular Treatment Options for Visceral Artery Erosions after Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Surgery
Purpose: To report and compare the results of endovascular and open surgical treatment for erosion bleeding of visceral arteries following pancreatitis and pancreatic surgery.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 65 consecutive patients (46 males, mean age 63 +/- 14 years) presenting with visceral artery erosions between January 2011 and December 2020. Endpoints were technical success, freedom from reintervention, stent-graft-related complications, and 30-day and one-year mortality.
Results: The causes of erosion bleeding included complications of surgical treatment for the pancreas and upper gastrointestinal tract (75%), pancreatitis (19%), and spontaneous bleeding (6%). Pancreatectomy was performed in 34 (52%) patients, representing 2% of all pancreatectomy procedures (n = 1645) performed in our hospital during the study period. A total of 37 (57%) patients underwent endovascular treatment (EVT), and 28 (43%) patients had open surgery (OS) as a primary treatment. Eight of 37 (22%) patients in the EVT group underwent stent-graft treatment of the eroded vessels and 28 (78%) coil embolization. Six (9%) patients underwent reintervention with no significant differences between EVT and OS groups (11% vs. 7%, p = 0.692). Postoperative morbidity and complications in 52% of all patients were higher in the OS group than in the EVT group (41% vs. 68%, p = 0.029). The in-hospital 30-days mortality rate for all patients was 25%, and it was higher in the OS group than in the EVT group (14% vs. 39%, p = 0.017).
Conclusions: An endovascular-first strategy for treating visceral arteries erosions may be preferred to reduce the complications associated with open surgery if patients are hemodynamically stable and have no anastomotic insufficiency. Endovascular treatment may be associated with better in-hospital survival when compared to primary open surgery. Further studies are required to identify the optimal approach
Comparison of four radiofrequency ablation systems at two target volumes in an ex vivo bovine liver model
PURPOSEWe aimed to validate actually achieved macroscopic ablation volumes in relation to calculated target volumes using four different radiofrequency ablation (RFA) systems operated with default settings and protocols for 3 cm and 5 cm target volumes in ex vivo bovine liver.MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty-four cuboid liver specimens were ablated with four commercially available RFA systems (Radionics Cool-tip, AngioDynamic 1500X, Boston Scientific RF 3000, Celon CelonPower LAB): 16 specimens for each system; eight for 3 cm, and eight for 5 cm. Ablation diameters were measured, volumes were calculated, and RFA times were recorded.RESULTSFor the 3 cm target ablation volume, all tested RFA systems exceeded the mathematically calculated volume of 14.14 cm3. For the 3 cm target ablation volume, mean ablation volume and mean ablation time for each RFA system were as follows: 28.5±6.5 cm3, 12.0±0.0 min for Radionics Cool-tip; 17.1±4.9 cm3, 9.36±0.63 min for AngioDynamic 1500X; 29.7±11.7 cm3, 4.60±0.50 min for Boston Scientific RF 3000; and 28.8±7.0 cm3, 20.85±0.86 min for Celon CelonPower LAB. For the 5 cm target ablation volume, Radionics Cool-tip (48.3±9.9 cm3, 12.0±0.0 min) and AngioDynamic 1500X (39.4±16.2 cm3, 19.59±1.13 min) did not reach the mathematically calculated target ablation volume (65.45 cm3), whereas Boston Scientific RF 3000 (71.8±14.5 cm3, 9.15±2.93 min) and Celon CelonPower LAB (93.9±28.1 cm3, 40.21±1.78 min) exceeded it.CONCLUSIONWhile all systems reached the 3 cm target ablation volume, results were variable for the 5 cm target ablation volume. Only Boston Scientific RF 3000 and Celon CelonPower LAB created volumes above the target, whereas Radionics Cool-tip and AngioDynamic 1500X remained below the target volume. For the 3 cm target ablation volume, AngioDynamic 1500X with 21% deviation was closest to the target volume. For the 5 cm target volume Boston Scientific RF 3000 with 10% deviation was closest
Fluid preinjection for microwave ablation in an ex vivo bovine liver model assessed with volumetry in an open MRI system
PURPOSEWe aimed to detect possible differences in microwave ablation (MWA) volumes after different fluid preinjections using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MATERIALS AND METHODSMWA volumes were created in 50 cuboid ex vivo bovine liver specimens (five series: control [no injection], 10 mL water, 10 mL 0.9% NaCl, 10 mL 6% NaCl, and 10 mL 12% NaCl preinjections; n=10 for each series). The operating frequency (915 megahertz), ablation time (7 min), and energy supply (45 watts) were constant. Following MWA, two MR sequences were acquired, and MR volumetry was performed for each sequence.RESULTSFor both sequences, fluid preinjection did not lead to significant differences in MWA ablation volumes compared to the respective control group (sequence 1: mean MWA volumes ranged from 7.0±1.2 mm [water] to 7.8±1.3 mm [12% NaCl] vs. 7.3±2.1 mm in the control group; sequence 2: mean MWA volumes ranged from 4.9±1.4 mm [12% NaCl] to 5.5±1.9 mm [0.9% NaCl] vs. 4.7±1.6 mm in the control group). The ablation volumes visualized with the two sequences differed significantly in general (P < 0.001) and between the respective groups (control, P †0.001; water, P < 0.001; 0.9% NaCl, P < 0.001; 6% NaCl, P †0.001; 12% NaCl, P < 0.001). The volumes determined with sequence 1 were closer to the expected ablation volume of 8 mL compared to those determined with sequence 2.CONCLUSIONFor the fluid qualities and concentrations assessed, there is no evidence that fluid preinjection results in larger coagulation volumes after MWA. Because ablation volumes determined by MRI vary with the sequence used, interventionalists should gain experience in how to interpret postinterventional imaging findings (with the MR scanner, sequences, and parameters used) to accurately estimate the outcome of the interventions they perform
Establishment of a DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System at an epidemiological university institute including the areas of scientific research and teaching
GesamtdissertationZielsetzung: Anwendung der DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 auf ein UniversitÀtsinstitut
epidemiologischer Ausrichtung, inklusive der Bereiche Forschung und Lehre, am
Beispiel des Institutes fĂŒr Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und
Gesundheitsökonomie der Charité UniversitÀtsmedizin Berlin. Material und
Methoden: Der ProzeĂ der Entwicklung und Verfeinerung des
QualitÀtsmanagementsystems wird in allen wesentlichen Schritten (etwa der
Darstellung der klassischen Prozesse fĂŒr die Arbeitsbereiche des Institutes,
der EinfĂŒhrung interner normkonformer Audits, oder der Schaffung und
Verbesserung eines verbindlichen Regelwerks in Form eines QM-Handbuchs) bis
zur erfolgreichen Zertifizierung beschrieben. Ergebnisse: Das Institut fĂŒr
Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie etablierte das
QualitÀtsmanagementsystem eigenstÀndig, ohne externe professionelle Berater.
Es wurde von einer autorisierten DIN-akkreditierten PrĂŒfstelle zertifiziert.
Die Zertifizierung schlieĂt die Bereiche Forschung und Lehre des Institutes
komplett mit ein. Auch die epidemiologische Ausrichtung mit stark
dateneingebender und datenverarbeitender TĂ€tigkeit erwies sich als
zertifizierbar. Der Abgleich mit zwingenden Aspekten der Norm konnte innerhalb
etwa eines Jahres vollzogen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Sobald die
erforderlichen Daten vorliegen, sollte eine genauere Quantifizierung des
Nutzens der Zertifizierung angestrebt werden. Themen wie QualitÀtsmanagement
als strategische Investitionsentscheidung oder das marktstrategische Moment
einer Zertifizierung könnten ebenso Gegenstand zukĂŒnftiger Untersuchungen
sein, wie der EinfluĂ einer Zertifizierung auf den Lebenszyklus eines
Institutes, oder Zertifizierung als Mittel zur Abgrenzung gegen unseriöse
Institute.Purpose: Establishment of DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 at a university institute with
epidemiological focus, including the areas of scientific research and
teaching, exemplary for the Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and
Health Economics at Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin. Materials and
Methods: Description of the process of development and refinement of the
quality management system regarding all crucial steps (e.g. presentation of
classical processes within the different fields of work at the institute, the
implementation of internal norm-consistent audits, or the creation and
amelioration of the QM-Handbook) towards successful certification. Results:
The Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics
established the quality management system independently, without external
professional consultants. It has been certified by a DIN-accredited inspection
authority. The certification includes the areas of scientific research and
teaching completely. Also, the epidemiological focus with sound data-input and
data-processing operations proved compatible with certification. Imperative
aspects of the norm were fulfilled within one year. Conclusion: As soon as
required data is available, one should seek further quantification of the
benefits of the certification. Topics like quality management as a strategic
investment decision or the market strategic momentum of certification could
become subject for further analyses, as well as the influence of certification
on the life-cycle of institutes or certification as an instrument of
separation from shady institutes
Quality assurance, process optimization and quantitative turnaround time analyses of high quantity in university radiology with particular attention to interventional radiology
Ziel und Methodik
Die im Rahmen dieser kumulativen Promotionsschrift vorgestellten Publikationen befassen sich mit QualitĂ€tssicherung (A.; n=2), Prozessoptimierung (B.; n=3) und Befundzeitanalysen (C.; n=2) in der universitĂ€ren Radiologie unter besonderer BerĂŒcksichtigung der Interventionellen Radiologie. Ăbergeordnetes Ziel ist zu einer bestmöglichen QuantitĂ€t und QualitĂ€t der Leistungserbringung durch MaĂnahmen zu A., B. und C. beizutragen und institutsintern auf eine effiziente Ressourcenallokation hinzuwirken.
Ergebnisse
Zu A. (QualitĂ€tssicherung in der Radiologie â QualitĂ€tsmanagementsysteme und konkrete Anwendung) konnte in der konkreten Anwendung zur Validierung CT-gestĂŒtzter Biopsien geschlussfolgert werden, dass hĂ€ufige CT-gestĂŒtzte Biopsiepraxis des durchfĂŒhrenden Interventionalisten eher mit geringeren Komplikationen einhergeht als seine grundsĂ€tzliche Erfahrung in Jahren. Patientenalter ist ein signifikanter Einflussfaktor auf Komplikationen bei CT-gestĂŒtzten Biopsien, was grundsĂ€tzlich zu einem erhöhten Risiko/Nutzen-VerhĂ€ltnis fĂŒhrt. ErwartungsgemÀà erhöht das Alter ebenfalls signifikant das Risiko fĂŒr ein malignes Biopsieergebnis. Komplikationen und ein malignes Biopsieergebnis waren nicht signifikant assoziiert. CT-gestĂŒtzte Biopsien induzierten in ĂŒber 50% eine TherapieĂ€nderung.
Zu B. (Prozessoptimierung â Schlanke Strukturen in der Patientenversorgung mit endovaskulĂ€ren Stents in der Interventionellen Radiologie (lean manufacturing, value stream mapping und process mapping)) konnte konstatiert werden, dass die ökonomische Terminologie des lean manufacturing und des Toyota-Produktionssystems, einschlieĂlich VSM, genutzt werden kann, um Prozesse bei der Beschaffung von GefĂ€Ăstents in der Interventionellen Radiologie aus ökonomischer Sicht zu visualisieren, besser zu verstehen und effizient zu organisieren (I.), dass VSM als Visualisierungsinstrument fĂŒr die Lieferkette (supply chain) und den Wertstrom (value stream) zur Eliminierung von nicht-wertschöpfenden Ineffizienzen bei der Beschaffung und Bereitstellung von endovaskulĂ€ren Stents genutzt werden kann (II.), und dass process mapping zum Streamlining / zur Rationalisierung von Workflow, insbesondere in universitĂ€rer, interdisziplinĂ€r, klinisch-hochspezialisierter Infrastruktur der PTA und Stentbehandlung, angewendet werden kann (III.).
Zu C. (Befundzeitanalysen teleradiologischer (n > 10.000) und intensivmedizinischer (n > 75.000) Untersuchungen) konnte geschlussfolgert werden, dass die im Beobachtungszeitraum gestiegenen Untersuchungszahlen bei nahezu gleich gebliebenen Befundzeiten auf eine sinnvolle Eingliederung der Teleradiologie in den radiologischen Workflow und auf eine Effizienzsteigerung hindeuten (I.) und dass im Verlauf der betrachteten drei Jahre insgesamt trotz Erhöhung der ITS-Gesamtfallzahlen eine VerkĂŒrzung der Befund- und Freigabezeiten nachgewiesen werden konnte (II.).
Schlussfolgerung
Mit der MaĂgabe, stets bestmögliche QuantitĂ€t und QualitĂ€t der Leistungserbringung zu gewĂ€hrleisten, können institutsinterne MaĂnahmen dieser Art genutzt werden, um auf eine effiziente Ressourcenallokation hinzuwirken.Aim and Methods
The publications on which this cumulative thesis is based deal with quality assurance (A, n=2), process optimization (B, n=3), and reporting time analyses (C, n=2) in a university department of radiology with a focus on interventional procedures. The overarching aim of these studies was to make a contribution to an optimal and efficient delivery of medical care in terms of A, B, and C and proposing internal measures to ensure more efficient allocation of resources within the department.
Results
With regard to part A (quality assurance in radiology â quality management systems and concrete application), investigation of the concrete application for the validation of CT-guided biopsies indicates that constant practice and frequent CT-guided biopsies appear to be more relevant for lowering the complication rate than the interventionalistâs general level of experience (measured in years). Patient age was a significant factor for complications of CT-guided biopsies with the risk-benefit ratio increasing with age. As expected, age also significantly increased the risk of a malignant biopsy result. Complications and malignant biopsy results were not significantly associated. CT-guided biopsies led to a change in treatment in more than 50% of cases.
Regarding part B (process optimization â lean structures in patient care with endovascular stents in Interventional Radiology (lean manufacturing, value stream mapping (VSM), and process mapping)), it was shown that the economic terminology of lean manufacturing and of the Toyota Production System including VSM can be applied to visualize, to better understand, and to more efficiently organize the procurement of vascular stents in Interventional Radiology from an economic point of view (I), that VSM can be used as a visualization tool for eliminating non-value added waste from the supply chain and value stream of endosvascular stent procurement and provision (II), and that process mapping is suitable to streamline workflow, especially in the interdisciplinary and highly specialized environment required for PTA and endovascular stent procedures (III).
The investigations pertaining to part C (reporting time analyses in teleradiology (n >10,000 examinations) and intensive care (n >75,000 examinations)) show that, despite increasing numbers of teleradiological examinations during the 3-year study period, reporting times remained nearly constant. These findings confirm the successful integration of teleradiology into the departmentâs routine workflow and suggest that efficiency has improved (I). Despite the overall increase in intensive care cases, reporting times and report turnaround times were even shortened (II).
Conclusion
With a view to always ensuring optimal quantity and quality in the provision of medical care, internal measures in a radiological department as analyzed here can be used to contribute to a more efficient allocation of resources
Magnetic resonance imaging and interventions in an open 1-Tesla scanner
Ziel der im Rahmen dieser Habilitationsschrift vorgestellten und
zusammengefassten Veröffentlichungen war es, Anwendungen der 1 T
Magnetresonanztomographie bei offenem Scannerkonzept unter BerĂŒcksichtigung
der Optionen in diagnostischer Bildgebung (1.), experimenteller Intervention
(2.) und humaner Interventionen an der WirbelsÀule (3.) zu evaluieren und wenn
möglich zu erweitern. Die diagnostische Bildgebung wurde bei ausgeprÀgt
fettleibigen Patienten und in der nativen GefĂ€Ădarstellung in einem offenen
MRT bei 1 T evaluiert, zudem gelang weltweit erstmals die nahezu-Echtzeit-
Bildgebung der Austreibungs- und Plazentar-Periode in der
Magnetresonanztomographie (Publikationen 1-3). Bei einem Kollektiv von drei
Adipositas Grad II (35-39,99) und 23 Grad III (BMI â„ 40) Patienten (WHO
Klassifikation), bei denen Untersuchungen per CT, Standard-Tunnel-MRT oder
Sonographie nicht möglich oder nicht zielfĂŒhrend waren, konnten relevante neue
Diagnosen in 30 % (8/26) identifiziert werden. Die zur Ăberweisung fĂŒhrende
medizinische Verdachtsdiagnose konnte als Ursache fĂŒr den jeweiligen
medizinischen Zustand in 53 % (14/26) ausgeschlossen werden. Im Vergleich zu
einem normgewichtigen Patientenkollektiv konnte eine geringere, aber oftmals
suffiziente BildqualitÀt, die anhand von SNR und CNR quantifiziert wurde,
aufgezeigt werden (Publikation 1). Die native MR-TOF GefĂ€Ădarstellung der
unteren ExtremitÀt wurde mit der DSA in einem prospektiven Design an sieben
Patienten (Durchschnittsalter 68 Jahre) verglichen. Hierzu wurden 1134
GefĂ€Ădurchmesser an 81 fĂŒr MR-TOF Angiographie und DSA korrespondierenden
Messpunkten gemessen. Das beschriebene MR-TOF Angiographie Protokoll war bei
einem Zeitaufwand von 60-90 Minuten durchfĂŒhrbar. WĂ€hrend eine solide
Korrelation der arteriellen Hauptstrombahn im Becken und Oberschenkel
aufgezeigt werden konnte, verzeichnete der Unterschenkel-GefĂ€Ăverlauf ein
Mischbild an guten wie auch nicht soliden bzw. nicht verwertbaren
Korrelationen. DarstellungsbeeintrÀchtigungen ergeben sich insbesondere, wenn
das darzustellende GefÀà vom orthogonalen Verlauf der gesetzten Flussebene
abweicht (1.) und wenn die Signalausbeute aufgrund geringen GefĂ€Ăkalibers
klein ist (2.) (Publikation 2). Erstmalig konnte gezeigt werden, dass CTG-
ĂŒberwachte nahezu-Echtzeit-Bildgebung wĂ€hrend der Austreibungs- und Plazentar-
Periode in einem offenen MRT bei 1 T möglich ist. Die erreichte BildqualitÀt
scheint geeignet, um in zukĂŒnftigen Studien einen Erkenntnisbeitrag fĂŒr
Modelle der Geburtssimulation zu leisten bzw. ggf. diese zu erweitern.
Experimentelle Interventionen wurden ex vivo und in vivo durchgefĂŒhrt
(Publikationen 4 und 5): Ex vivo wurde das AusmaĂ von Mikrowellen-Ablationen
(MWA) in boviner Leber nach verschiedenen FlĂŒssigkeitsinjektionen durch MR
Volumetrie erfasst, in vivo wurden porcine renale sympathische Denervationen
mittels periarterieller Ethanolinjektion vorgenommen. Die MWA (n = 50) fĂŒhrten
fĂŒr die evaluierten FlĂŒssigkeitsarten, -mengen bzw. -konzentrationen (10 ml
H2O, 10 ml 0,9 % NaCl, 10 ml 6 % NaCl, 10 ml 12 % NaCl) im Vergleich zur
Kontrollgruppe jeweils zu keiner signifikanten VergröĂerung des visualisierten
Ablationsvolumens. Die in zwei verschiedenen Sequenzen visualisierten
Ablationsvolumina zeigten jedoch sowohl allgemein einen signifikanten
Unterschied zueinander (p < 0,001), wie auch zwischen den jeweiligen Gruppen
(Kontrollgruppen, p †0,001; H2O, p < 0,001; 0,9 % NaCl, p < 0,001; 6 % NaCl,
p †0,001; 12 % NaCl, p < 0,001). Es scheint wichtig, als Interventionalist
Erfahrung in der Interpretation postinterventioneller Bildgebung zu sammeln
und insbesondere mit dem jeweiligen MRT, den verwendeten spezifischen
Sequenzen und Parametern gut vertraut zu sein, um postinterventionelle
Ergebnisse auch akkurat einschÀtzen zu können (Publikation 4). Die renale
sympathische Denervation durch periarterielle Ethanolinjektion erwies sich im
Schweinemodell als durchfĂŒhrbar und bei Behandlung mit 10 ml Ethanol sowohl
bzgl. neuraler Degeneration als auch bzgl. Reduktion der Noradrenalin-
Konzentration (53 % im Vergleich zur Gegenseite; p < 0,02) als wirksam. Die
Technik könnte eine potenzielle Alternative zur Katheter-basierten Behandlung
therapierefraktÀren arteriellen Bluthochdrucks darstellen (Publikation 5).
Optionen fĂŒr humane Interventionen an der WirbelsĂ€ule in einem offenen
Scannerkonzept wurden fĂŒr minimal invasive Aspiration symptomatischer
lumbosakraler Zysten, periradikulÀre lumbosakrale Schmerztherapie,
WirbelsÀuleninterventionen unter Nutzung einer Schmetterlings-Spule (engl.:
âbutterfly coilâ) und fĂŒr Facettengelenksinfiltrationen aufgezeigt
(Publikationen 6-9). Mit einem technischen Erfolg bei sieben von initial elf
lumbosakralen Zystenaspirationen (63 %) besitzt die lumbosakrale
Zystenaspiration im offenen Scannerkonzept in Kombination mit abgestimmten
interaktiven Sequenzen groĂes Potenzial, zumal wesentliche Vorteile
insbesondere in der minimalen InvasivitÀt mit konsekutiv geringerem Trauma,
geringerem Stress und geringeren unerwĂŒnschten Wirkungen im Vergleich zu
chirurgischen Optionen zu erwarten sind (Publikation 6). 249 periradikulÀre
lumbosakrale Nervenwurzelinfiltrationen konnten bei 141 Patienten in nahezu-
Echtzeit-Bildgebung genau, sicher und wirksam in der Behandlung konservativ
refraktÀrer radikulÀrer Schmerzsyndrome angewandt werden: Von insgesamt 103 in
die Auswertung eingeschlossenen Patienten (197 Injektionen) berichteten 14,6 %
eine komplette Remission des radikulÀren Schmerzes, 53,4 % eine signifikante,
22,3 % eine milde und 9,7 % keine Schmerzlinderung. Es zeigte sich eine
signifikante Abnahme der visuellen Analogskala-Bewertung im sechsmonatigen
Beobachtungszeitraum (p < 0,001). Die Technik kann insbesondere aufgrund der
fehlenden Strahlenexposition eine interessante Alternative zu fluoroskopisch-
oder CT-gestĂŒtzter lumbosakraler Schmerztherapie darstellen, vor allem bei
jungen Patienten und Patienten, bei denen die Prozedur mehrmals wiederholt
werden muss (Publikation 7). Die an 15 Patienten per qualitativer und
quantitativer Bildanalyse (inklusive Erhebung von Werten fĂŒr Kontrast, SNR,
CNR und FWHM) evaluierte Schmetterlings-Spule kann als valide Alternative zur
konventionell genutzten Ringspule fĂŒr Interventionen angewendet werden,
insbesondere wenn Patienten nicht in Seitenlage liegen können (bzw. dies nicht
prĂ€ferieren), oder wenn Bauchlagerung des Patienten einen gĂŒnstigeren Zugang
zur Zielzone erwarten lĂ€sst (Publikation 8). 166 MRT-gestĂŒtzte lumbosakrale
Facettengelenksinfiltrationen konnten bei 45 Patienten genau, sicher und
wirksam zur symptomatischen Therapie von Schmerzen im unteren RĂŒcken
beitragen: Von insgesamt 38 in die Auswertung eingeschlossenen Patienten
berichteten 63 % (24 Patienten) eine unmittelbare Wirkung, nach drei Monaten
40 % (15 Patienten), nach 6 Monaten 34 % (13 Patienten) und nach zwölf Monaten
24 % (neun Patienten) einen anhaltenden positiven Effekt. Es zeigte sich in
diesem Beobachtungszeitraum eine signifikante Abnahme der visuellen
Analogskala-Bewertung (p < 0,01) von 7,1 ± 1,7 zu 3,5 ± 2,2, 4,1 ± 3,0, 3,8 ±
2,9 und 4,6 ± 2,9 im zwölften Monat. Die Methode ist eine strahlenfreie
Alternative zu fluoroskopisch- und CT-gestĂŒtzter Bildgebung bei vergleichbaren
klinischen Ergebnissen (Publikation 9). Das offene Scannerkonzept kann die
Möglichkeiten fĂŒr Bildgebung und Intervention erweitern. UnabhĂ€ngig von
Scannerkonzept und FeldstÀrke wird kontinuierliche und konsequente
interdisziplinĂ€re Forschung zeigen mĂŒssen, ob und wie eine weitere
Diversifizierung des Spektrums und insbesondere die Realisierung komplexerer
MRT Interventionen zum Wohle der Patienten gelingt.The aim of the publications presented and summarized in this habilitation
thesis was to evaluate and, if possible expand, applications of 1-T magnetic
resonance imaging in an open scanner. Specifically, the publications explored
options in diagnostic imaging (1), experimental interventions (2), and human
interventions on the spine (3). Diagnostic imaging in an open 1-T scanner was
evaluated in extremely obese patients and for vascular imaging without
contrast medium. Moreover, the world's first near-real-time monitoring of the
fetal and placental expulsion period using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
was accomplished (publications 1-3). In a population of obese patients -
including three with WHO class II obesity (BMI 35 to 39.99) and 23 with class
III (BMI â„ 40) - in whom computed tomography (CT), MRI in a normal-bore
scanner, or ultrasonography were not possible or not conclusive, imaging in
the open scanner yielded relevant new diagnoses in 30% of cases (8/26). The
tentative medical diagnosis leading to referral could be ruled out as the
cause of the particular medical condition in 53% (14/26). Compared to a
normal-weight patient group, image quality, which was quantified on the basis
of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), was lower,
but often sufficient (publication 1). Non-contrast-enhanced time-of-flight MR
angiography (TOF-MRA) of the lower extremity was compared with digital
subtraction angiography (DSA) in a prospective design in seven patients (mean
age 68 years). A total of 1134 vascular diameters in 81 corresponding sites
were prospectively measured by TOF-MRA and DSA in seven patients. It took 60 â
90 minutes to perform the TOF-MRA protocol used in this study. While a strong
correlation was demonstrated for the main arteries in the pelvis and thigh,
the levels below the knee showed a mixed picture of good but also non-solid or
non-utilizable correlations. TOF-MRA can be degraded especially if the vessel
to be depicted is not orthogonal to the imaging plane (1) and if the vessel
caliber is small and signal yield is poor (2) (publication 2). For the first
time, it was demonstrated that CTG-monitored near-real-time imaging during the
fetal and placental expulsion period is possible in an open 1-T MRI system.
The image quality appears suitable to gain new insights in future studies,
which might contribute to models of birth simulation or their further
development. Experimental interventions were performed ex vivo and in vivo
(publications 4 and 5): ex vivo, the extent of microwave ablation (MWA) in
bovine liver was assessed after different fluid preinjections using MR
volumetry; in vivo porcine renal sympathetic denervation was performed using
periarterial ethanol injection. The MWA procedures (n = 50) performed with
different types of liquid, amounts, and concentrations (10 ml H2O, 10 ml of
0.9 % NaCl, 10 ml of 6 % NaCl, 10 ml of 12 % NaCl) did not result in a
significant increase in visualized ablation volumes compared to controls.
However, the ablation volumes visualized with two different pulse sequences
were significantly different from each other (p <0.001), and there were also
significant differences in ablation volumes depending on the respective type
of preinjection (control groups, p †0.001; H2O, p < 0.001; 0.9% NaCl, p <
0.001; 6 % NaCl, p †0.001; 12 % NaCl, p <0.001). It seems important for an
Interventionalist to gather experience in interpreting postinterventional
imaging findings and in particular to be familiar with the MR scanner, the
pulse sequences, and imaging parameters used in order to interpret
postinterventional findings correctly (publication 4). Renal sympathetic
denervation by periarterial ethanol injection in a pig model proved to be
feasible and, when performed with 10 ml of ethanol, effective, in terms of
both neural degeneration and reduction of norepinephrine levels (53 % compared
to the contralateral side, p < 0.02). The technique might be a potential
alternative to catheter-based treatment of refractory arterial hypertension
(publication 5). The feasibility of human interventions on the spine in an
open MRI scanner was demonstrated for minimally invasive aspiration of
symptomatic lumbosacral cysts, peri-radicular lumbosacral pain therapy, spinal
interventions using a butterfly coil, and facet joint infiltrations
(publications 6-9). With technical success in seven of eleven interventions
(63%), lumbosacral cyst aspiration in an open scanner, in conjunction with the
use of dedicated interactive pulse sequences, has great potential, especially
since the minimal invasiveness offers significant advantages by reducing
trauma, stress, and adverse effects compared with surgery (publication 6). A
total of 249 periradicular lumbosacral nerve root infiltrations in 141
patients were performed accurately, safely, and effectively using near-real-
time imaging for the treatment of radicular pain syndromes refractory to
conservative treatment: from a total of 103 patients (197 injections) included
in the evaluation, 14.6 % reported complete relief of radicular pain, 53.4 %
significant relief, 22.3 % mild relief, and 9.7 % no pain relief. There was a
significant decrease in the visual analog scale ratings over the six-month
observation period (p < 0.001). The technique is an interesting alternative to
fluoroscopy- or CT-assisted lumbosacral pain treatment because it does not
involve radiation exposure, which is especially important in young patients
and in patients in whom the procedure must be repeated several times
(publication 7). The butterfly coil was evaluated in 15 patients by
qualitative and quantitative image analysis (including determination of
contrast, SNR, CNR, and FWHM), and the results show that it is a valid
alternative to a conventional single-loop surface coil, particularly if
patients cannot (or prefer not to) be in a lateral decubitus position, or if
prone positioning enables better access to the target zone (publication 8). A
total of 166 MR-guided lumbosacral facet joint infiltrations were performed
accurately, safely, and effectively, contributing to the symptomatic treatment
of low back pain in 45 patients: of a total of 38 patients included in the
analysis, 63 % (24 patients) reported a direct effect, 40 % (15 patients)
after three months, and 34 % (13 patients) after 6 months; and 24 % (nine
patients) reported a sustained positive effect after 12 months. Over the
12-month observation period, visual analog scale assessment decreased
significantly (p < 0.01) from 7.1 ± 1.7 to 3.5 ± 2.2, 4.1 ± 3.0, 3.8 ± 2.9,
and 4.6 ± 2.9. The method is a radiation-free alternative to fluoroscopy- and
CT-guided imaging with comparable clinical outcomes (publication 9). The use
of an open MRI scanner can expand the range of imaging indications and
interventions. Regardless of the MR scanner type and the field strength used,
we need continuous and targeted interdisciplinary research to show whether and
how further diversification of the spectrum of interventions and in particular
the establishment of more complex MRI-guided interventions can be accomplished
and will benefit our patients
Chronic post-traumatic high-flow priapism treated with temporary gelatin sponge embolization
We report the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with a non-painful priapism with a history of 3 months permanent erection after suffering a perineal trauma. An arteriocorporal fistula with a turbulent flow between the right cavernosal artery and the corpus cavernosum, conclusive for a high-flow priapism was initially detected by colour Doppler ultrasound. A superselective embolization with Gelatin sponge was safe and effective to treat the high-flow priapism. The use of gelatin sponge resulted in a temporary embolization with long-term effect of penile detumescence and preservation of erectile function
Endometrial stromal sarcoma
with selective polyvinyl alcohol embolization of a pulmonary metastasis after recurrent hemoptysis and expansive growt