Life like a fairy tale : fairy tales as influence in the life and works of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman

The purpose of this study is to establish fairy tales as a major influence in the life and works of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman and, further, to show how fairy tales helped shape Freeman\u27s literary evolution. Primary and secondary sources are analyzed to show how trends developed in Freeman\u27s children\u27s literature continued to evolve in the adult fiction she produced both simultaneously with the children\u27s literature and later independently throughout her career. A close exploration of her work and the scholarship on her life, along with fairy tale scholarship, demonstrates that Freeman\u27s life itself had many fairy tale elements. Further analysis suggests that Freeman\u27s children\u27s literature uses fairy tale themes and motifs in two distinctly different ways: to instill a Christian pedagogy within children or to suggest that magic is an accepted part of a child\u27s imagination. Also, Freeman\u27s use of fairy influences in her work places her in the great feminine tradition of tale-weaver. Finally, Freeman can be considered a proto-feminist fairy tale revisionist as well, linking her to yet another literary tradition. The thesis concludes by demonstrating that Freeman might have manipulated her literary market to make the most of her early influences and shows that Freeman was more aware of the fairy tale aspects of her work, to her distinct economic advantage, than ever before thought

Master of Science

thesisMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of skeletal muscle. These antibodies interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses resulting in weakness and paralysis. Due to the variability in symptoms and heterogeneity of autoantibody production in patients with myasthenia gravis, it is essential to make available the best clinical laboratory tests to aid the clinician in diagnosis. One means by which AChR antibodies interfere with nerve impulse transmission is through the effect of antigenic modulation, a process in which antibody-bound AChRs on the postsynaptic muscle cell membrane are internalized and destroyed. The current laboratory assay for the detection of AChR modulating antibodies involves measuring the reduction of expression of radiolabeled AChRs on a human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line in response to exposure to patient serum. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of detection of AChR modulating antibodies by a new flow-cytometric method rather than the current radioimmunoassay. Two cell lines were investigated: the RD cell line which expresses fetal AChRs and the DB40 cell line which has been transfected with genes for the expression of fetal and adult acetylcholine receptors. Samples tested included sera from 120 self-proclaimed healthy individuals and 100 samples submitted for clinical testing, iv 50 of which were AChR antibody positive and 50 of which were AChR antibody negative. Results of the flow-cytometric AChR modulating antibody testing on the RD cell line correlated best with results for currently available assays and demonstrated better sensitivity and specificity than the current radioimmunoassay. Results of AChR modulating antibody testing on the DB40 cell line showed slightly decreased sensitivity and specificity, potentially resulting from defects in receptor metabolism due to gene transfection. Detection of AChR modulating antibodies by flow cytometry is feasible and uses an assay format that is more sensitive, specific, and robust with less cost and environmental burden

Economics of Bunching in Harvesting Shortleaf Pine Stands

Forest Resource

Cow Muscle Profiling: A Comparison of Chemical and Physical Properties of 21 Muscles from Beef and Dairy Cow Carcasses

About 43% of the meat from cow carcasses is sold into the boxed beef trade. This research was conducted to compare muscles from beef and dairy cows in an effort to identify optimal uses for cow muscles. Twenty-one muscles from beef and dairy cow carcasses were analyzed for objective color, total heme-iron, total collagen, pH, expressible moisture and proximate composition. Wide variation was observed for all properties measured. Effects of breed type on all measured traits were minimal except in the case of percent moisture. These results indicate muscles from beef and dairy cows are similar in chemical and physical properties. Opportunities exist to upgrade the value of selected cow muscles

Sinkretisme pada Pertunjukan Seni Gamelan Koromong Kampung Cikubang Rancakalong Kabupaten Sumedang

Tujuan artikel ini mendiskusikan tentang simbol-simbol sinkretisme dalam pertunjukan seni gamelan koromong yang berada di wilayah Kampung Cikubang Kabupaten Sumedang Jawa Barat. Melalui pendekatan desain riset kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus terhadap gejala atau fenomena yang terdapat pada seni gamelan koromong ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa acara rutin yang dilaksanakan tiap tanggal 14 Maulud pada tahun Islam ini menunjukan adanya perpaduan antara konteks Sunda, Islam, dan Hindu. Konteks Sundanya tercermin dalam gambaran simbol-simbol peribadatan dengan pola-pola tertentu yang menyiratkan kuatnya kepercayaan terhadap sesuatu yang bersifat transendental. Dalam kegiatan yang sama, diyakini pula bahwa penanggalan Islam yang di pakai sekaligus memperingati kelahiran Nabi Muhammad SAW. Hal lainnya yang mewarnai proses sinkretisme dalam upacara ritual ini yaitu pemahaman terhadap animisme dan dinamisme dalam ajaran Hindu seperti mempercayai kekuatan benda dan hubungan dengan nenek moyang (karuhun).

Adaptasi Estetika Permainan Musik Barat pada Big Band Salamander

This article describes the adaptation of foreign culture in the form of jazz big band music by Salamander Big Band. Aesthetics is a study of the processes that occur in three basic elements, namely: aesthetic objects, aesthetic subjects, and aesthetic values related to aesthetic experiences, aesthetic properties, and attractive and unattractive parameters. The process of adapting the aesthetics of playing music is the process of adjusting the aesthetics of playing music carried out by an individual/community to cultural outcomes from outside the individual/community culture. This research uses qualitative approach method with descriptive analysis. Researchers describe the results of the research based on the results of observation, interview, and documental studies relating to players and experts in the field of big-band music. This paper presents the basic elements of western music aesthetics, especially big band jazz music and how Salamander Big Band can adapt and implement the aesthetic values of western jazz big band music in its music playing. Through a process of appreciation, habituation, additional insight into jazz music, continuous and consistent practice, Salamander Big Band members are able to adapt to cultures from outside of Indonesia’s popular music culture, that is playing American big band music with the correct aesthetic.Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang estetika permainan musik big band jazz yang diadaptasi oleh komunitas non-formal big band Salamander. Estetika merupakan kajian tentang proses yang terjadi pada tiga elemen dasar, yaitu: objek estetis, subjek estesis, dan nilai estesis yang terkait dengan pengalaman estesis, properti estesis, dan parameter kemenarikan maupun ketidakmenarikan. Proses adaptasi estetika permainan musik adalah proses penyesuaian estetika permainan musik  yang dilakukan oleh suatu individu/komunitas terhadap hasil budaya asing atau budaya baru. Tulisan  ini  menggunakan  pendekatan  kualitatif  dengan  metode  analisis  deskriptif. Tulisan ini menghadirkan elemen-elemen dasar dari estetika musik barat khususnya musik big band jazz serta bagaimana big band Salamander dapat mengadaptasi dan mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai estetika musik big band jazz barat dalam permainan musik yang dimainkan. Melalui proses adaptasi estetika dalam memainkan musik dengan benar dan sesuai, dapat menghasilkan produk musik yang lebih baik, mendekati estetika musik aslinya atau bahkan lebih baik dari versi aslinya

Light manipulation as a route to enhancement of antioxidant properties in red amaranth and red lettuce

We are grateful to Sarah Auld for technical support.Peer reviewe

New technical approach for the repair of an abdominal wall defect after a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Breast reconstruction with autologous tissue transfer is now a standard operation, but abnormalities of the abdominal wall contour represent a complication which has led surgeons to invent techniques to minimize the morbidity of the donor site.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a woman who had bilateral transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM-flap) breast reconstruction. The surgery led to the patient developing an enormous abdominal bulge that caused her disability in terms of abdominal wall and bowel function, pain and contour. In the absence of rectus muscle, the large defect was repaired using a combination of the abdominal wall component separation technique of Ramirez et al and additional mesh augmentation with a lightweight, large-pore polypropylene mesh (Ultrapro^®).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The procedure of Ramirez et al is helpful in achieving a tension-free closure of large defects in the anterior abdominal wall. The additional mesh augmentation allows reinforcement of the thinned lateral abdominal wall.</p

Reading Graphic Novels in School: texts, contexts and the interpretive work of critical reading

This paper uses the example of an extra-curricular Graphic Novel Reading Group in order to explore the institutional critical reading practices that take place in English classrooms in the senior years of secondary school. Drawing on Stanley Fish's theory of interpretive communities, it questions the restrictive interpretive strategies applied to literary texts in curriculum English. By looking closely at the interpretive strategies pupils apply to a different kind of text (graphic novels) in an alternative context (an extra-curricular space) the paper suggests that there may be other ways of engaging with text that pupils find less alienating, more pleasurable and less reminiscent of 'work'