Endothelial Cell Function: Role of Intracellular Signalling

A. Regulation of calcium mobilisation in bovine aortic endothelial cells 1. In the presence of 1.8mM extracellular calcium, bradykinin (0.3nM-100nM), adenosine triphosphate (ATP; 0.3muM-100muM) and thrombin (0.03U ml-1-3U ml-1) each induced biphasic elevations of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), consisting of a large, initial transient component, which peaked within 30 seconds, followed by a lower, sustained plateau phase. 2. Platelet-activating factor (up to 120nM), histamine (up to 10muM) and lipopolysaccharide (up to 10mug ml -1) each had no effect on [Ca2+]i in BAEC. 3. In the presence of 1.8mM extracellular calcium, treatment of endothelial cells with the calcium influx blocker, nickel chloride (4mM), had no effect on basal 2+ [Ca 2+]i or on the magnitude of the bradykinin-induced transient elevation of [Ca2+]i, but abolished the plateau phase. 4. When BAEC were bathed in nominally calcium-free solution, containing 0.5mM EGTA, bradykinin and ATP each induced only a transient elevation of [Ca2+]i: the magnitude of this component was significantly smaller than that obtained in the presence of extracellular calcium, and the plateau phase was abolished. In the continued presence of bradykinin or ATP, re-addition of extracellular calcium, to achieve a level of around 1. 8mM, resulted in the induction of a large, initial transient component, followed by a lower, sustained component. Procaine (1mM) had no effect on the large, transient component, suggesting that calcium- induced calcium release is not involved in the generation of this component. In the presence of 1mM extracellular calcium, treatment with the calcium chelator, EGTA (2mM; 1min), slightly reduced basal [Ca2+]i and significantly reduced the magnitude of the bradykinin-induced transient elevation of [Ca2+]i. Increasing the exposure time to 10min or the concentration of EGTA to 5mM resulted in no further reduction in the magnitude of the bradykinin-induced transient component. 6. An attempt was made to selectively inhibit release of calcium from intracellular stores. In the presence of 1. 8mM extracellular calcium, treatment of BAEC with the putative inhibitor of intracellular calcium release, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid-8-(diethylamino) octyl ester (TMB-8; 0.1mM) increased basal [Ca2+]i slightly, but had no effect on either component of the bradykinin-induced biphasic elevation of [Ca2+]i. To determine the effects of TMB-8 on only the intracellular release component, BAEC were bathed in nominally calcium-free solution, in the presence of EGTA (0.5mM). TMB-8 (0.1mM) had no effect on basal [Ca2+]i or the bradykinm-induced transient elevation of [Ca2+]i. These findings suggest that TMB-8 does not inhibit release of calcium from intracellular stores. 7. An attempt was made to determine whether removal of extracellular calcium results in the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. The elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by caffeine (5mM) was almost completely abolished when BAEC were bathed in nominally calcium-free solution containing 0. 5mM EGTA, suggesting that depletion of these stores does occur. 8. In the presence of 1. 8mM extracellular calcium, addition of potassium chloride (KCl; 30mM and 60mM) had no effect on basal [Ca2+]i. However, 60mM KCl, but not 30mM KCl, reduced the magnitude of the initial transient elevation of [Ca2+]i induced by bradykinin (10nM). Addition of KCl(30mM) during the plateau phase of the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by bradykinin (10nM), thrombin (1U ml and ATP (30muM), resulted in a fall in [Ca2+]i which was not well maintained. Hence, calcium entry in BAEC does not occur through voltage-operated channels, although the effects of membrane depolarisation on agonist-induced calcium mobilisation appear to be complex. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Genome Sequence of the Sulfitobacter sp. Strain 2047-Infecting Lytic Phage ΦCB2047-B

We announce the complete genome sequence of a lytic podovirus, ΦCB2047-B, which infects the bacterium Sulfitobacter sp. strain 2047, a member of theRoseobacter clade. Genome analysis revealed ΦCB2047-B to be an N4-like phage, with its genome having high nucleotide similarity to other N4-like roseophage genomes

Genome Sequences of Two Temperate Phages, ΦCB2047-A and ΦCB2047-C, Infecting Sulfitobacter sp. Strain 2047

We announce the complete genome sequences of two temperate Podoviridae,Sulfitobacter phages ΦCB2047-A and ΦCB2047-C, which infect Sulfitobacter sp. strain 2047, a member of the Roseobacter clade. This is the first report of temperate podophage infecting members of the Sulfitobacter genus of theRoseobacter clade

Survey of ophthalmologists-in-training in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: A regional focus on ophthalmic surgical education.

Background: There are 2.7 ophthalmologists per million population in sub-Saharan Africa, and a need to train more. We sought to analyse current surgical training practice and experience of ophthalmologists to inform planning of training in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. Potential participants included all current trainee and recent graduate ophthalmologists in the Eastern, Central and Southern African region. A link to a web-based questionnaire was sent to all heads of eye departments and training programme directors of ophthalmology training institutions in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, who forwarded to all their trainees and recent graduates. Main outcome measures were quantitative and qualitative survey responses. Results: Responses were obtained from 124 (52%) trainees in the region. Overall level of satisfaction with ophthalmology training programmes was rated as 'somewhat satisfied' or 'very satisfied' by 72%. Most frequent intended career choice was general ophthalmology, with >75% planning to work in their home country post-graduation. A quarter stated a desire to mainly work in private practice. Only 28% of junior (first and second year) trainees felt surgically confident in manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS); this increased to 84% among senior trainees and recent graduates. The median number of cataract surgeries performed by junior trainees was zero. 57% of senior trainees were confident in performing an anterior vitrectomy. Only 29% of senior trainees and 64% of recent graduates were confident in trabeculectomy. The mean number of cataract procedures performed by senior trainees was 84 SICS (median 58) and 101 phacoemulsification (median 0). Conclusion: Satisfaction with post-graduate ophthalmology training in the region was fair. Most junior trainees experience limited cataract surgical training in the first two years. Focused efforts on certain aspects of surgical education should be made to ensure adequate opportunities are offered earlier on in ophthalmology training

Título: Tratado completo sobre los medios de conservar la salud, precaver, y curar las enfermedades.

Sign.: [@]2, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3R4

Medicina domestica, o casera, y tratado completo sobre los medios de conservar la salud, precaver, y curar las enfermedades ...

Sign.: a-h4, i2, A-Z4, 2A-2Z4, 3A4, 3B2.Error de numeración en p. 379 [i.e. 377] consta 179 y error de pág. de la p. 176 pasa a la 179