Ab-initio density functional study of O on the Ag(001) surface

The adsorption of oxygen on the Ag(001) is investigated by means of density functional techniques. Starting from a characterization of the clean silver surfaces oxygen adsorption in several modifications (molecularly, on-surface, sub-surface, Ag$_2$O) for varying coverage was studied. Besides structural parameters and adsorption energies also work-function changes, vibrational frequencies and core level energies were calculated for a better characterization of the adsorption structures and an easier comparison to the rich experimental data.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, Surf. Sci. accepte

Deterministic Thermal Sculpting of Large-Scale 2D Semiconductor Nanocircuits

Two-dimensional (2D) Transition Metal Dichalcogenide semiconductor (TMDs) nanocircuits are deterministically engineered over large-scale substrates. The original approach combines large-area physical growth of 2D TMDs layer with high resolution thermal - Scanning Probe Lithography (t-SPL), to reshape the ultra-thin semiconducting layers at the nanoscale level. We demonstrate the additive nanofabrication of few-layer MoS2 nanostructures, grown in the 2H-semiconducting TMD phase, as shown by their Raman vibrational fingerprints and by their optoelectronic response. The electronic signatures of the MoS2 nanostructures are locally identified by Kelvin probe force microscopy providing chemical and compositional contrast at the nanometer scale. Finally, the potential role of the 2D TMD nanocircuits as building blocks of deterministic 2D semiconducting interconnections is demonstrated by high-resolution local conductivity maps showing the competitive transport properties of these large-area nanolayers. This work thus provides a powerful approach to scalable nanofabrication of 2D nano-interconnects and van der Waals heterostructures, and to their integration in real-world ultra-compact electronic and photonic nanodevices.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Self-Organized Nanogratings for Large-Area Surface Plasmon Polariton Excitation and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensing

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) are exploited due to their intriguing properties for the fabrication and miniaturization of photonic circuits, for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and imaging beyond the diffraction limit. However, excitation of these plasmonic modes by direct illumination is forbidden by energy/momentum conservation rules. One strategy to overcome this limitation relies on diffraction gratings to match the wavevector of the incoming photons with that of propagating SPP excitations. The main limit of the approaches so far reported in the literature is that they rely on highly ordered diffraction gratings fabricated by means of demanding nanolithographic processes. In this work, we demonstrate that an innovative, fully self-organized method based on wrinkling-assisted ion-beam sputtering can be exploited to fabricate large-area (cm2 scale) nanorippled soda lime templates, which conformally support ultrathin Au films deposited by physical deposition. The self-organized patterns act as quasi-one-dimensional (1D) gratings characterized by a remarkably high spatial order, which properly matches the transverse photon coherence length. The gratings can thus enable the excitation of hybrid SPP modes confined at the Au/dielectric interfaces, with a resonant wavelength that can be tuned by modifying the grating period, photon incidence angle, or, potentially, the choice of the thin-film conductive material. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering experiments show promising gains in the range of 103, which are competitive, even before a systematic optimization of the sample fabrication parameters, with state-of-the art lithographic systems, demonstrating the potential of such templates for a broad range of optoelectronic applications aiming at plasmon-enhanced photon harvesting for molecular or biosensing

Second harmonic generation on self-assembled GaAs/Au nanowires with thickness gradient

Here we investigated the SH generation at the wavelength of 400 nm (pump laser at 800 nm, 120 fs pulses) of a "metasurface" composed by an alternation of GaAs nano-grooves and Au nanowires capping portions of flat GaAs. The nano-grooves depth and the Au nanowires thickness gradually vary across the sample. The samples are obtained by ion bombardment at glancing angle on a 150 nm Au mask evaporated on a GaAs plane wafer. The irradiation process erodes anisotropically the surface, creating Au nanowires and, at high ion dose, grooves in the underlying GaAs substrate (pattern transfer). The SHG measurements are performed for different pump linear polarization angle at different positions on the "metasurface" in order to explore the regions with optimal conditions for SHG efficiency. The pump polarization angle is scanned by rotating a half-wave retarder plate. While the output SH signal in reflection is analyzed by setting the polarizer in s or p configuration in front of the detector. The best polarization condition for SHG is obtained in the configuration where the pump and second harmonic fields are both p polarized, and the experiments show a SH polarization dependence of the same symmetry of bulk GaAs. Thus, the presence of gold contributes only as field localization effect, but do not contributes directly as SH generator

Controlling resonant surface modes by arbitrary light induced optical anisotropies

In this work the sensitivity of Bloch Surface Waves to laser-induced anisotropy of azo-polymeric thin layers is expe rimentally shown . The nanoscale reshaping of the films via thermal-Scanning Probe Lithography allows to couple light to circular photonic nanocavities, tailoring on-demand resonant BSW confined within the nanocavity

Free-standing plasmonic nanoarrays for leaky optical waveguiding and sensing

Flat optics nanogratings supported on thin free-standing membranes offer the opportunity to combine narrowband waveguided modes and Rayleigh anomalies for sensitive and tunable biosensing. At the surface of high-refractive index Si3N4 membranes we engineered lithographic nanogratings based on plasmonic nanostripes, demonstrating the excitation of sharp waveguided modes and lattice resonances. We achieved fine tuning of these optical modes over a broadband Visible and Near-Infrared spectrum, in full agreement with numerical calculations. This possibility allowed us to select sharp waveguided modes supporting strong near-field amplification, extending for hundreds of nanometres out of the grating and enabling versatile biosensing applications. We demonstrate the potential of this flat-optics platform by devising a proof-of-concept nanofluidic refractive index sensor exploiting the long-range waveguided mode operating at the sub-picoliter scale. This free-standing device configuration, that could be further engineered at the nanoscale, highlights the strong potential of flat-optics nanoarrays in optofluidics and nanofluidic biosensing. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreemen

Self-Organized Tailoring of Faceted Glass Nanowrinkles for Organic Nanoelectronics

Self-organized wrinkled templates are homogeneously fabricated over a large area (cm2) glass substrates by defocused ion beam irradiation, demonstrating the capability to induce and modify at will the out-of-plane tilt of the nanofacets with selected slope. We identify a region of morphological instability which leads to faceting for incidence angles of the ion beam with respect to the surface, \u3b8, in the range 15\ub0 64 \u3b8 64 45\ub0, while for normal incidence, \u3b8 = 0\ub0, and for grazing incidence at about 55\u201360\ub0 a flat morphology is achieved. The crucial parameter which controls the slope of the sawtooth profile is the local ion beam incidence angle on the facets which corresponds to the maximum erosion velocity. For \u3b8 = 30\ub0, improved lateral order of the templates is found which can be exploited for the anisotropic confinement of functional layers. Here, we highlight the crucial role of the 1D nanopatterned template in driving the anisotropic crystallization of spun-cast conductive polymer thin films in registry with the faceted nanogrooves. In response, anisotropic electrical transport properties of the nanopatterned film are achieved with overall improvement higher than 60% with respect to a flat reference, thus showing the potential of such transparent large-area templates in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and biosensing

Spectral tuning of Bloch Surface Wave resonances by light-controlled optical anisotropy

Fostered by the recent advancements in photonic technologies, the need for all-optical dynamic control on complex photonic elements is emerging as more and more relevant, especially in integrated photonics and metasurface-based flat-optics. In this framework, optically-induced anisotropy has been proposed as powerful mean enabling tuning functionalities in several planar architectures. Here, we design and fabricate an anisotropic two-dimensional bull’s eye cavity inscribed within an optically-active polymeric film spun on a one-dimensional photonic crystal sustaining Bloch surface waves (BSW). Thanks to the cavity morphology, two surface resonant modes with substantially orthogonal polarizations can be coupled within the cavity from free-space illumination. We demonstrate that a dynamic control on the resonant mode energies can be easily operated by modulating the orientation of the optically-induced birefringence on the surface, via a polarized external laser beam. Overall, reversible blue- and red-shifts of the resonant BSWs are observed within a spectral range of about 2 nm, with a moderate laser power illumination. The polymeric structure is constituted by a novel blend of an azopolymer and a thermally-sensitive resist, which allows a precise patterning via thermal scanning probe lithography, while providing a significant structural integrity against photo-fluidization or mass-flow effects commonly occurring in irradiated azopolymers. The proposed approach based on tailored birefringence opens up new pathways to finely control the optical coupling of localized surface modes to/from free-space radiation, particularly in hybrid organic–inorganic devices

Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy tuned by nanoscale ripple formation: ion-sculpting of Co/Cu(001) thin films

We have investigated the growth of surface nanostructures on a Co/Cu(001) film and the growth of Co films on a nanostructured Cu(001) substrate as well as the effect of nanoscale pattern formation on the film magnetic properties. Here we demonstrate by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and magneto-optic Kerr effect hysteresis curves that low-temperature grazing-incidence ion sputtering can be used to induce the formation of nanoscale ripples which reduce the four-fold symmetry of the Co film to two-fold, thus generating a strong in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The nanostructures and the associated uniaxial magnetic anisotropy were found to be stable up to room temperature