Influence of harvest location on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sea fennel

One of the most widespread Mediterranean halophytes is sea fennel, which is widely used for its nutritional value and beneficial health properties. This study aimed to investigate the differences in phenolic composition and biological properties of sea fennel collected from river shore, estuary, and sea coastal zone, where it was exposed to different salinity levels. The extracts were prepared by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and analysed for total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, while the content of dominant chlorogenic acid was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Antioxidant activity was tested by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and against two free radicals; Nitric Oxide (NO•) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH•). The highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids was found in sea fennel collected from the river coast, while the highest concentration of chlorogenic acid (1.64 mg/g) and highest FRAP and DPPH• antioxidant activities were found in the samples growing near brackish water. This study confirmed the influence of a plant`s habitat (salinity level) on its phenolic composition, as well as the influence of an individual compound/phenolic group on the total antioxidant activity of the samples

With food to health : proceedings of the 10th International scientific and professional conference

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

Volatile sulphur compounds in Lepidium spp. Plants (Brassicaceae) and Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) : diploma thesis

Hlapljivi sumporovi spojevi su metabolički produkti izrazite biološke aktivnosti, koji se mogu pronaći u biljkama, životinjama i mikroorganizmima, a posebnu raznolikost pokazuju oni koji se nalaze u biljkama. Neki od hlapljivih sumporovih spojeva su ujedno i razgradni produkti glukozinolata. Glukozinolati su biološki neaktivni i nehlapljivi spojevi, koji se mogu pronaći u 16 porodica reda Brassicales. Njihovom termičkom, enzimskom ili kemijskom razgradnjom nastaju hlapljivi spojevi poznati po svojoj biološkoj aktivnosti. U ovom radu izolirani su i analizirani hlapljivi sumporovi spojevi iz odabranih dijelova četiri biljke roda Lepidium (porodica Brassicaceae): L. graminifolium, L. latifolium, L. meyenii i L. sativum, te konjske rotkvice (Moringa oleifera) iz porodice Moringaceae. Određen je i sastav glukozinolata ovih biljaka indirektnom metodom preko njihovih razgradnih produkata. Hlapljivi izolati dobiveni hidrodestilacijom u modificiranoj aparaturi po Clevengeru i ekstrakcijom diklormetanom, analizirani su plinskom kromatografijom spregnutom s spektrometrom masa (GC-MS) i infracrvenom spektroskopijom s Fourirerovom transformacijom (FTIR). Analizom je utvrđeno da je najzastupljeniji glukozinolat u biljkama roda Lepidium glukotropeolin, koji je pronađen u sve četiri biljke. Osim glukotropeolina, identificirani su još i glukolimnantin, glukonasturcin, sinigrin, glukokohlearin i fenil glukozinolat. Od hlapljivih sumporovih spojeva koji nisu glukozinolatno vezani, pronađen je diizopropil disulfid u destilatu L. sativum. GC-MS analizom destilata i ekstrakta biljke M. oleifera nisu pronađeni razgradni produkti glukozinolata ni ostali hlapljivi sumporovi spojevi, ali je FTIR analiza pokazala prisustvo neidentificiranih spojeva.Volatile sulphur compounds are metabolites with particular biological activity found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, but the most varieties of these compounds have been found in plants. Some of the volatile sulphur compounds are also degradation products of glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are biologically inactive and non-volatile compounds found in 16 families of the Brassicales order. Volatile compounds known for their biological activity are formed by thermal, enzymatic or chemical degradation of glucosinolates. Volatile sulphur compunds from selected parts of four Lepidium spp. (Brassicaceae family) plants: L. graminifolium, L. latifolium, L. meyenii and L. sativum; and horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) of the Moringaceae family were isolated and analysed. Glucosinolate compositions of these plants were determined by an indirect method using their degradation products. The volatile isolates collected by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus, and extraction with dichlormethane after the hydrolysis with exogenous enzyme myrosinase were analysed with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Analysis showed that the most widespread glucosinolate in the Lepidium spp. plants was glucotropaeolin, which had been found in all four plants. Besides glucotropaeolin, glucolimnanthin, gluconasturtiin, sinigrin, glucocohlearin and n-phenyl glucosinolate were identified. Regarding the free volatile sulphur compounds, only one was identified: diisopropyl disulphide in L. sativum. Neither glucosinolates nor free volatile sulphur compounds were found using GC-MS analysis of the distillate and the extract of the M. oleifera plant, but FTIR analysis showed a presence of unidentified compounds

Volatiles from French and Croatian Sea Fennel Ecotypes: Chemical Profiles and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiageing Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrolates

Sea fennel is a halophytic plant rich in valuable nutritional components and is characterized by pleasant organoleptic properties. While its essential oils (EOs) are well investigated, there are no reports on the volatiles from their corresponding hydrolates, which are the main by-products of EO isolation, as well as on their biological activity. Therefore, the composition and biological activities of EOs and corresponding hydrolates of sea fennel from Atlantic (French, FRA) and Mediterranean (Croatian, CRO) ecotypes were investigated and compared. The EO from the CRO sample was characterized by an abundance of sabinene and limonene, while that from the FRA ecotype was rich in dillapiol and carvacryl methyl ether. The CRO hydrolate was rich in terpinen-4-ol and 10-(acetylmethyl)-3-carene, while dillapiol, thymyl methyl ether and γ-terpinene were the main compounds in the FRA sea fennel hydrolate. The biological activities of the EOs and hydrolates were evaluated for their antioxidant (with DPPH, NO, FRAP and ORAC bioassays), antimicrobial (against some Gram+ and Gram- spoilage bacteria) and antiageing (tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase inhibition) activities. Both EOs showed low reducing powers and antiradical activities while the ability of both hydrolates to quench NO was slightly higher (35–39% if inhibition). The FRA EO showed low activity against Staphylococcus aureus (8 mm), while CRO moderately inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa (8 mm), but strongly inhibited the other two bacterial strains. While the French EO showed no antityrosinase and anticollagenase activity, the Croatian oil significantly inhibited both enzymes (IC50 of 650 µg/mL and IC50 of 2570 µg/mL, respectively) probably due to the dominance of limonene and sabinene. Neither EO exhibited antielastase properties, while the hydrolates from both ecotypes showed no antiageing activity, regardless of the enzyme tested. The EOs from the aerial parts of sea fennel from FRA and CRO differed greatly in composition, resulting in different activities. The Croatian samples appeared to have better biological properties and are therefore good candidates for applications as preservatives or antiageing agents

Sea Fennel (<i>Crithmum maritimum</i> L.) Flowers as an Emerging Source of Bioactive Compounds

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is an edible halophytic species rich in various valuable phytochemicals, and has accordingly, been used in traditional medicine and nutrition since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of sea fennel flowers from three regionally (ecologically) different locations on the Croatian Adriatic coast (Pag, Korčula, Cavtat). The profiles of essential oils (EOs), fatty acids (FAs), tocopherols, and phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins) as well as associated antioxidant capacity were analysed. The flowers collected at the northernmost site had the lowest contents of total phenolic compounds, limonene in the EO and unsaturated FAs, but the highest content of α-tocopherol, one of the best-known plant lipophilic antioxidants. On the other hand, the flowers from Korčula and Cavtat contained high amounts of phenolics, especially chlorogenic acid (7.99 and 13.27 mg/g dry plant matter, respectively), resulting in high antioxidant activity of the samples. Despite these differences in composition, which may be related to the geographical location of the sampling site, sea fennel flowers from all locations can be considered a valuable source of important health-promoting phytochemicals

With food to health : proceedings of the 14 international scientific and professional conference

Zbornik sadrži 9 izvornih znanstvenih radova, 2 pregledna rada i 2 stručna rada predstavljena na 14. međunarodnom znanstveno-stručnom skupu HRANOM DO ZDRAVLJA.Proceedings contains 9 original scientific papers, 2 review papers, and 2 professional papers presented at 14th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH