Lower limb revascularization in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication which occurs in patients treated with heparin. It is estimated that in clinical practice this syndrome can be encountered among 1-3% of patients who receive heparin treatment. This disease is often not diagnosed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of patients with diagnosed HIT syndrome who were qualified to revascularisation in the course of critical lower limb ischaemia. There were two cases of patients with diagnosed HIT syndrome who were treated in the Department of General and Vascular Surgery in Poznań. The results of revascular treatment of patients with diagnosed HIT syndrome were evaluated retrospectively. In all patients it was possible to perform revascular surgery of lower limbs after introducing an oral anticoagulant. In 2004 it was impossible to treat HIT syndrome with new generation anticoagulants. That is why oral anticoagulant (coumarin) treatment was introduced as a safe method and the only one available in our conditions. It enabled us to perform revascular surgery retaining INR indicator of 1.5-1.7.Małopłytkowość poheparynowa (HIT) jest poważnym powikłaniem występującym u chorych leczonych heparyną. Ocenia się, że w praktyce klinicznej zespół ten pojawia się u 1-3% osób poddanych terapii heparynowej i często jest to schorzenie nierozpoznane. Celem pracy była ocena leczenia chorych z rozpoznanym zespołem HIT, zakwalifikowanych do operacji rewaskularyzacyjnych w przebiegu krytycznego niedokrwienia kończyn dolnych. Przedstawiono przypadki dwóch chorych z rozpoznanym zespołem HIT, leczonych w Klinice Chirurgii Ogólnej i Naczyń w Poznaniu. Retrospektywnie oceniono wyniki leczenia rewaskularyzacyjnego chorych z rozpoznanym zespołem HIT. U wszystkich chorych włączenie doustnego antykoagulantu umożliwiło przeprowadzenie operacji rewaskularyzacyjnej kończyn dolnych. W 2004 roku z powodu braku możliwości leczenia zespołu HIT lekami przeciwkrzepliwymi nowej generacji, zastosowanie doustnych antykoagulantów (acenokumarolu) było metodą bezpieczną i w tym czasie jedynie dostępną w tych warunkach. Pozwoliła ona na przeprowadzenie operacji rewaskularyzacyjnej, przy zachowaniu wskaźnika INR na poziomie 1,5-1,7

MEASURING FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING APTITUDE. POLISH ADAPTATION OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE APTITUDE TEST BY CARROLL AND SAPON

This article sets itself two main aims. The first is to describe the rationale behind the decision to adapt for Polish learners the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) by Carroll and Sapon (1959), rather than to develop a new measure. The reasons behind the decision are discussed in the context of the relevant individual differences (ID) research in Poland and the need for a reli- able and theoretically valid measure of foreign language (FL) aptitude for L1 Polish is articu- lated. The other aim is to describe the development, piloting and initial validation of the Polish MLAT-based adaptation of a new measure of FL aptitude. Two methods of test adaptation (trans- lation and paraphrase) are discussed and justified with relation to the current project. It was de- cided that all four components of FL aptitude, as proposed by Carroll (1981), would be repre- sented in the Polish adaptation of the MLAT. The piloting was done on approximately 200 sec- ondary school learners aged 19, while the data for the initial validation study, in the form of sec- ond language (L2) English proficiency test results as well as simple measures of motivation, length of study, social background and others, came from ca. 250 subjects, aged 18–22