Breast Cancer in Art Painting

Breast cancer is an emotive cancer. It is a disease that affects a visible sexual organ and it is the commonest single cause of death of women between 40 and 60 years of age. Nevertheless, this type of cancer was infrequently depicted in art paintings. In this article the themes from the breast cancer in famous art paintings are discussed

The basic biology of erbB-2 and its participation in colorectal cancers

ErbB-2 is one of Tour cell surface growth factor receptors involved in transmission of signals controlling normal cell growth and differentiation. A range of growth factors serve as ligands, but none is specific for the ErbB-2 receptor. Ligand binding to ErbB-1, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 induces rapid receptor dimerization, with a marked preference for ErbB-2 as a dimer partner. When ErbB-2 is overexpressed multiple ErbB-2 heterodimers are formed and cell signalling is stronger, resulting in enhanced responsiveness to growth factors and malignant growth. This explains why ErbB-2 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in colorectal cancers and may be predictive of response to treatment. ErbB-2 is a highly specific and promising target for new colon cancer treatments.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Changes of Bioclimatic Conditions in the Kłodzko Region (SW Poland)

Despite continuous technological development, lack of data or discontinuity in meteorological measurements is still an issue affecting many stations. This study was devoted to determining the bioclimatic conditions in the Klodzko region (SW Poland), where meteorological measurements have been discontinuous since 2006. Four stations with continuous measurements were analyzed. These localities are situated at Klodzko and its health resorts. Bioclimatic conditions were determined using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The study of variability in UTCI was performed in different circulation epochs. Additionally, a non-linear model for SW Poland was used to reconstruct the long-term trend of air temperature in the Klodzko region. Verification of this model was performed on the basis of own air temperature measurements in the period from April 2017 to March 2022. Analysis of thermal conditions in circulation phases showed higher air temperatures and UTCI values in epoch W (1989-present) compared to epoch E (1966-1988) at all analyzed stations. The non-linear model of meteorological data showed its applicability for data reconstruction in the region with an accuracy of about 67%. Further modification of the model may serve to increase its applicability to other locations in Europe or North America

RT-PCR Analysis of TOPBP1 Gene Expression in Hereditary Breast Cancer

Hereditary predisposition to breast cancer determined in large part by loss of function mutations in one of two genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Besides BRCA1 and BRCA2 other genes are also likely to be involved in hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. TopBP1 protein is involved in DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoint response and transcriptional regulation. Expression of TopBP1 gene at the mRNA level was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 94 samples of hereditary breast cancer. Analysis of TopBP1 mRNA level showed that expression of TopBP1 is significantly downregulated in poorly differentiated breast cancer (grade III according Bloom-Richardson system (P<0.05)

Use of GC and PDSC methods to characterize human milk fat substitutes obtained from lard and milk thistle oil mixtures

The aim of this study was the analytical evaluations of human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) synthesized via enzymatic interesterification of lard and milk thistle oil mixtures by a immobilized commercial sn-1,3-specific lipase, using calorimetric and chromatographic methods. The mixtures of lard and milk thistle oil at mass ratio 6: 4 and 8: 2 were interesterified for 2, 4 and 6 h at the temperature of 60 degrees C. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. The positional distribution of fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions of triacylglycerols was based on the ability of the pancreatic lipase to selectively hydrolyze ester bonds in the sn-1,3 positions. Pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) method was used for the determination of the oxidative stability of HMFS. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the PDSC curves. Due to enzymatic interesterification of mixtures of lard and milk thistle oil, new HMFS that have a similar regiospecific structure of triacylglycerols to human milk fat can be produced. The induction time obtained from PDSC measurements can be used as a parameter for the assessment of the resistance of tested fats to their thermal-oxidative decomposition.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Funkcjonowanie fizyczne dzieci chorych na padaczkę

Introduction. Epilepsy belongs to the most frequently occurring nervous conditions. Depending on the course ofthe disease and on the support provided to the child from his/her closest family, the child’s physical, mental and social functioning differs.Aim. The aim of this paper is the physical functioning of epileptic children in the opinion of their parents.Material and Methods. The study was performed on 94 children with diagnosed epilepsy, treated in the Departmentof Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. A proprietary polling questionnaire as well as a parent-targeted QOLCE (Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire) served as the measure; consequently, parents or carers to the children within the study were also included as participants.Results. The studied children were rarely left unmanned during play, and they never spent a night out. In the assessment of the physical functioning performed by fathers and mothers, a statistically significant difference (p≤0.05)was observed; children function better in this section according to mothers. The parents’/carers’ education as well asthe child’s educational facility is a statistically significant (p≤0.05) factor influencing physical functioning of a child.No significant difference was noted between the child’s area of residence (p≥0.05) and age (p≥0.05) and his/herphysical functioning.Conclusions. The majority of the studied children attended a school or a kindergarten. Epilepsy significantly limitschildren when it comes to their physical functioning. Among factors influencing the level of a child’s physical functioning, parents’ education and child’s educational facility present themselves as the most relevant. (JNNN 2015;4(4):146–151)Wstęp. Padaczka jest jedną z najczęściej występujących chorób układu nerwowego. Zależnie od przebiegu choroby oraz wsparcia, jakie uzyskuje dziecko od najbliższych, różnie kształtuje się jego funkcjonowanie w sferze fizycznej, psychicznej i społecznej.Cel. Celem pracy była ocena funkcjonowania fizycznego dzieci chorych na padaczkę w opinii ich rodziców. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 94 dzieci z rozpoznaną padaczką, leczonych w Szpitalu Klinicznym UM w Poznaniu w Klinice Chorób Zakaźnych i Neurologii Dziecięcej. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety oraz kwestionariusz do oceny jakości życia dzieci z padaczką (QOLCE — Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire) przeznaczony dla rodziców — z tego też względu w badaniu wzięli udział rodzice lub opiekunowie badanych dzieci.Wyniki. Badane dzieci rzadko pozostawały bez opieki w czasie zabawy oraz nie spędzały nocy poza domem. W opinii kobiet, dzieci istotnie statystycznie lepiej funkcjonują w obszarze fizycznym (p≤0,05). Wykształcenie rodziców/opiekunów oraz miejsce odbywania edukacji przez dziecko jest czynnikiem istotnym statystycznie (p≤0,05) wpływającym na funkcjonowanie fizyczne dziecka. Nie stwierdzono różnicy istotnej statystycznie pomiędzy miejscem zamieszkania (p≥0,05) i wiekiem dziecka (p≥0,05) a jego funkcjonowaniem fizycznym.Wnioski. Większość badanych dzieci uczęszcza do szkoły lub przedszkola. Padaczka w znacznym stopniu ogranicza dzieci w zakresie funkcjonowania fizycznego. Wśród czynników wpływających na stopień funkcjonowania fizycznego dziecka największe znaczenie ma wykształcenie rodziców oraz miejsce edukacji dziecka. (PNN 2015;4(4):146–151

Modeliranje krivulja sušenja iverja od drva smreke, bukve, vrbe i johe

Drying behaviour of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), willow (Salix alba L.), and alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) particles was investigated in a convective dryer at constant air velocity of 0.01 m/s and at the drying air temperature of 25, 60, 80, and 150 °C. The results of the experiments have shown that the wood species and drying air temperature infl uence the drying behaviour. The experimental drying data of wood particles obtained were fitted to six empirical models. The effects of wood species and drying air temperature on the drying model parameters were determined. The accuracy of the models was measured using the determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and reduced chi–square (χ2). The results showed that Lewis model, Henderson and Pabis model, and modifi ed Page model, with the model parameters determined taking into account the effect of wood species and of drying air temperature, were found to satisfactorily describe the drying curves of spruce, beech, willow, and alder particles.U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja procesa sušenja iverja od drva smreke (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), vrbe (Salix alba L.) i johe (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) u konvekcijskoj sušionici pri konstantnoj brzini zraka od 0,01 m/s i pri temperaturi zraka 25, 60, 80 i 150 °C. Rezultati pokusa pokazali su da vrsta drva i temperatura zraka utječu na tijek procesa sušenja drvnog iverja. Podaci dobiveni sušenjem iverja analizirani su s pomoću šest empirijskih modela. Određen je učinak vrste drva i temperature zraka na parametre modela sušenja. Točnost modela mjerena je veličinom koefi cijenta determinacije (R2), korijena srednje vrijednosti kvadrata pogreške (RMSE) i reduciranog hi-kvadrata (χ2). Rezultati su pokazali da se krivulje sušenja iverja od drva smreke, bukve, vrbe i johe na zadovoljavajući način mogu opisati primjenom Lewisova modela, Hendersonova i Pabisova modela te modifi ciranoga Pageova modela s parametrima određenima tako da se uzmu u obzir utjecaj vrste drva i temperature zraka pri sušenju iverja

Zmierzone parowanie potencjalne we Wrocławiu a parowanie terenowe obliczone za pomocą wskaźnika Iwanowa (1961–2020)

The study shows that the variability of field evaporation sums (Ev) calculated using the Ivanov formula from monthly series of air temperature and relative humidity from the IMWM-PIB Wrocław-Strachowice station relatively accurately reproduces the variability of the potential evaporation values measured in the Agro- and Hydrometeorology Wrocław-Swojec Observatory of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The largest absolute errors in the estimated monthly Ev values are affected in the period from April to August (±11.7–14.8 mm), and the lowest from November to February (±4.8–10.6 mm). In the cool half-year (October–March), the Ev estimation gives “area-averaged” evaporation values close to reality with an error of about ±24–25 mm, and in the warm half-year (April–September) with an error of ±54–55 mm. In the case of estimated annual evaporation sums, Ivanov’s formula has an average error of about75 mm, which is about 10–12% of this value. The most important factor contributing to the differences between the observed Ev in Wrocław-Swojec and the estimated Ev in Wrocław-Strachowice are the differences in monthly values of relative humidity between these stations (up to 10%). The obtained results allow for the conclusion that the sums of evaporation calculated by Ivanov’s method, especially the annual sums, can be reliably used for various types of hydrological calculations, including the estimation of the climatic water balance in Poland.W pracy wykazano, że zmienność sum parowania terenowego (Ev) obliczonych za pomocą formuły Iwanowa z miesięcznych szeregów temperatury powietrza i wilgotności względnej ze stacji IMGW-PIB Wrocław-Strachowice względnie dokładnie odtwarza zmienność wartości parowania potencjalnego mierzonych w Obserwatorium Agro- i Hydrometeorologii Wrocław-Swojec Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu. Obliczone miesięczne sumy Ev są obarczone największymi błędami bezwzględnymi w okresie od kwietnia do sierpnia (±11,7–14,8 mm), a najmniejszymi – w okresie od listopada do lutego (±4,8–10,6 mm). W półroczu chłodnym (październik–marzec) estymacja Ev daje „obszarowo” zbliżone do rzeczywistości wartości parowania z błędem około ±24–25 mm, a w półroczu ciepłym (kwiecień–wrzesień) z błędem ±54–55 mm. W przypadku szacowanych rocznych sum parowania formuła Iwanowa obarczona jest przeciętnym błędem około75 mm, co stanowi około 10–12% tej wielkości. Najważniejszym czynnikiem stanowiącym przyczynę różnic między zmierzonymi Ev we Wrocławiu-Swojcu i estymowanymi Ev we Wrocławiu-Strachowicach są różnice w miesięcznych wartościach wilgotności względnej między tymi stacjami (do 10%). Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że obliczane metodą Iwanowa sumy parowania, zwłaszcza sumy roczne, można z dużą wiarygodnością stosować do różnego rodzaju obliczeń hydrologicznych, w tym do szacowania klimatycznego bilansu wodnego na obszarze Polski

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MELISSOPALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL BUCKWHEAT HONEYS FROM POLAND

Buckwheat honey is widely consumed by consumers due to its numerous health-promoting properties. Characteristically it is dark, tea-like in colour, sharp, tickly, and sweet in flavour, and has smelled of buckwheat flowers. In the current study, various commercial honey samples were examined to test the quality of buckwheat honey samples available in the market. The research materials were comprised of 15 samples of honeys from 4 voivodships, among these, 5 samples were collected from the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, 4 from the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, 4 from the Lubelskie Voivodship, and reset 2 samples from the Podkarpackie Voivodship. Melissopalynological analyses of investigated honeys’ samples revealed that all samples had at least 45% of Fagopyrym pollen content, which means that researched honeys complied with the standards of the International Commission for Bee Botany (ICBB) for buckwheat honey. Honeys’ samples had an average water content of 15.3% (σ= 1.24), and electrical conductivity at 0.37 mS*cm-1. Therefore, all beekeepers correctly marked their honey type as buckwheat honey simply using the organoleptic properties of their honeys and observing their bees collecting pollen and honeydew

Ekspresja genów kodujących enzymy związane z O-GlcNAcylacją w rakach błony śluzowej trzonu macicy: korelacja z parametrami kliniczno-patologicznymi

Objectives: O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant modification of cellular proteins which consist of single N-acetylglucosamine residues attached by O-linkage to serine or threonine residues. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation seems to be a feature of malignant cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the expression of genes encoding O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes (OGT and MGEA5) and clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinomas. Materials and methods: The mRNA expression levels of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes in series of 76 samples of endometrial carcinoma were studied by real time RT-PCR method. Results: The OGT and MGEA5 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumors of higher histological grade than in well-differentiated tumors. Statistically significant association was found between OGT and MGEA5 mRNA expression and depth of myometrial invasion. Both OGT and MGEA5 expression profiles showed no significant association with the clinical stage of endometrial cancer. Conclusion: O-GlcNAcylation may be an important regulatory modification involved in endometrial cancer pathogenesis but the actual significance of this modification for endometrial cancer progression needs to be investigated further.Cel pracy: O-GlcNAcylacja jest powszechną modyfikacją białek komórkowych polegającą na przyłączeniu wiązaniem O-glikozydowym pojedynczych reszt N-acetyloglukozoaminy do reszt seryny i treoniny. Zaburzenia O-GlcNAcylacji wydają się być istotną cechą związaną z agresywnością komórek nowotworowych. Celem prezentowanej pracy było określenie zależności pomiędzy ekspresją genów kodujących enzymy związane z O-GlcNAcylacją białek a kliniczno-patologicznymi parametrami raka błony śluzowej trzonu macicy. Materiał i metody: Poziom ekspresji mRNA enzymów analizowano techniką real time RT-PCR w 76 preparatach raków błony śluzowej trzonu macicy. Wyniki: Nowotwory o wyższym stopniu złośliwości histologicznej wykazywały wyższą ekspresję mRNA dla OGT i MGEA5 w porównaniu z rakami dobrze zróżnicowanymi. Stwierdzono również istotną statystycznie zależność pomiędzy ekspresją badanych genów a głębokością naciekania mięśniówki macicy. Nie stwierdzono natomiast zależności pomiędzy ekspresją mRNA OGT i MGEA5 a stopniem klinicznego zaawansowania nowotworu. Wniosek: Wydaje się, że O-GlcNAcylacja może być ważną regulatorową modyfikacją włączoną w patogenezę raka błony śluzowej trzonu macicy ale dokładne określenie jej roli w progresji tego nowotworu wymaga dalszych badań