On the Hamiltonian formulation of Yang--Mills gauge theories

The Hamiltonian formulation of the theory of J-bundles is given both in the Hamilton--De Donder and in the Multimomentum Hamiltonian geometrical approaches. (3+3) Yang-Mills gauge theories are dealt with explicitly in order to restate them in terms of Einstein-Cartan like field theories.Comment: 18 Pages, Submitted to International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physic

Bruno D\u27Aston v. Dorothy D\u27Aston : Petition for Rehearing

APPEAL FROM THE DECREE OF DIVORCE OF THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF UTAH COUNTY, THE HON. BOYD L. PARK, PRESIDING

General Relativity as a constrained Gauge Theory

The formulation of General Relativity presented in math-ph/0506077 and the Hamiltonian formulation of Gauge theories described in math-ph/0507001 are made to interact. The resulting scheme allows to see General Relativity as a constrained Gauge theory.Comment: 8 Pages, Submitted to International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physic

Bruno D\u27Aston v. Dorothy D\u27Aston : Reply to Brief in Opposition

APPELLEE\u27S REPLY BRIEF ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI APPEAL FROM THE DECREE OF DIVORCE OF THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF UTAH COUNTY, THE HON. BOYD L. PARK, PRESIDING

Bruno D\u27Aston v. Dorothy D\u27Aston : Brief in Opposition to Certiorari

Appeal from the Decree of the 4th Judicial District Court for Utah County, Honorable Boyd L. Park, Presiding

Bruno D\u27Aston v. Dorothy D\u27Aston : Response to Petition for Rehearing

Appeal from the Decree of the 4th Judicial District Court for Utah County, Honorable Boyd L. Park, Presiding

Bruno D\u27Aston v. Dorothy D\u27Aston : Petition for Writ of Certiorari

APPELLEE\u27S PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI APPEAL FROM THE DECREE OF DIVORCE OF THE FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF UTAH COUNTY, THE HON. BOYD L. PARK, PRESIDING

Causal relationships between milk quality and coagulation properties in Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle

Background: Recently, selection for milk technological traits was initiated in the Italian dairy cattle industry based on direct measures of milk coagulation properties (MCP) such as rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd firmness 30 min after rennet addition (a30) and on some traditional milk quality traits that are used as predictors, such as somatic cell score (SCS) and casein percentage (CAS). The aim of this study was to shed light on the causal relationships between traditional milk quality traits and MCP. Different structural equation models that included causal effects of SCS and CAS on RCT and a30 and of RCT on a30 were implemented in a Bayesian framework. Results: Our results indicate a non-zero magnitude of the causal relationships between the traits studied. Causal effects of SCS and CAS on RCT and a30 were observed, which suggests that the relationship between milk coagulation ability and traditional milk quality traits depends more on phenotypic causal pathways than directly on common genetic influence. While RCT does not seem to be largely controlled by SCS and CAS, some of the variation in a30 depends on the phenotypes of these traits. However, a30 depends heavily on coagulation time. Our results also indicate that, when direct effects of SCS, CAS and RCT are considered simultaneously, most of the overall genetic variability of a30 is mediated by other traits. Conclusions: This study suggests that selection for RCT and a30 should not be performed on correlated traits such as SCS or CAS but on direct measures because the ability of milk to coagulate is improved through the causal effect that the former play on the latter, rather than from a common source of genetic variation. Breaking the causal link (e.g. standardizing SCS or CAS before the milk is processed into cheese) would reduce the impact of the improvement due to selective breeding. Since a30 depends heavily on RCT, the relative emphasis that is put on this trait should be reconsidered and weighted for the fact that the pure measure of a30 almost double-counts RCT