Construction Law: Its Historical Origins and its Twentieth Century Emergence as a Major Field of Modern American and International Legal Practice

“Construction Law” is a rapidly emerging “capstone” legal field that over the past century has subsumed principles from many traditional fields of law and has contextually created new implied rights and obligations unknown to such traditional fields. Construction law’s emergence has been driven by the extraordinary modern growth in global construction activity, which in 2020 accounted for 13% (US$10.7 trillion) of the global gross domestic product and which by 2030 is expected to grow by another 42%. This growth in construction activities engages millions of firms and persons and has increased considerably the technical complexity and rapidity of changes in construction design, materials, methods, and dispute resolution. In recent years, the judiciary has begun to recognize construction law as a “separate breed of animal”

Response to Intervention: K-8 Regular Education Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Effectiveness

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the perceptions K-8 regular education teachers have of the Response to Intervention framework. Participants of the study included 1,036 K-8 regular education teachers from 4 East Tennessee districts. The survey achieved a 28% return rate for a total of 277 participants. Specifically, this research assessed K-8 regular education teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the RTI framework overall, in aiding in the accurate identification of students with learning disabilities, closing skills gaps for students, and in aiding in the early identification of students with learning difficulties. The data source analyzed consisted of a survey design using a 5-point Likert type scale. There were 5 research questions with 4 corresponding null hypothesis for each question. Research questions were analyzed using a single sample t test, independent t test, or an ANOVA. Results indicated that teachers perceived the Response to Intervention framework effective to a significant extent overall, in closing skills gaps, and aiding in the early identification of students with learning difficulties. They did not see the framework effective to a significant extent in aiding in the accurate identification of students with learning difficulties

Physiological measures differentiate distinct domains of immanent justice reasoning

Just-world theory research investigates how an individual\u27s world-view influences his/her behavior when confronted with injustice. The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of multiple continual physiological measurements as predictors of just-world motivated behavior such as immanent justice reasoning (IJR) in a replication of Callan, Ellard, and Nicol\u27s (2006) study. Participants (N=109) were assigned to one of two narrative groups - either an adulterous scenario or a non-adulterous scenario. It was hypothesized that levels of IJR would be higher in the justice-threat than the non-threat condition, and that measures of physiological arousal would predict IJR. Results show that significantly higher responses of IJR were observed during the non-adulterous condition. Additionally, physiological indicators of emotional arousal correctly predicted IJR. These results indicate that physiological measures are useful in assessing justice-threat scenarios, and further research should use such indicators in addition to self-report affect measures

Giving Primacy to the Voice of Parents: A Qualitative Study of the Involvement of Parents of First-Generation College Students

Parental involvement at the higher education level has become an area of interest in research and practice across the country. However, often there is a lack of convergence between research and practice when it comes to facilitating parental involvement (Tierney, 2002). Much of the current research investigates this phenomenon from the perspective of college students and institutions. Often, the voice of parents is missing from the research; this is especially true of special populations, such as parents of first-generation college students. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of involvement between parents of first-generation college students and colleges/ universities. The study utilized social capital theory as a framework to investigate parental involvement from the perspective of parents of first-generation college students. The study also explored how higher education professionals defined involvement and reacted to parent interview themes. The study used a qualitative method approach to help uncover how these parents understand, define, and practice parental involvement in the higher education context. Results provide details about the involvement of parents of first-generation college students. Major findings included that parents define their involvement as setting clear expectation that their children go to college and as providing support throughout their children’s education including pre-college. Parents practice involvement by offering both emotional and academic support that is embedded in their relationship with their children. The study includes recommendations for research, higher education, executive leaders, and parents of first-generation college students

Aboriginal Rock-Mortars

A few notes by the writer, under the above title, were published in the American Anthropologist for October, 1891. These mortars , excavated in rock in situ, are located on the east slope of the Franklin Mountains, about eleven miles north of El Paso, Texas, and near the mouth of the \u27\u27House Canon

Dynamic evolution of the source volumes of gradual and impulsive solar flare emissions

This study compares flare source volumes inferred from impulsive hard X-rays and microwaves with those derived from density sensitive soft X-ray line ratios in the O VII spectrum. The data for this study were obtained with the SMM Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer, Earth-based radio observatories, and the SOLEX-B spectrometer on the P78-1 satellite. Data were available for the flares of 1980 April 8, 1980 May 9, and 1981 February 26. The hard X-ray/microwave source volume is determined under the assumption that the same electron temperature or power law index characterizes both the source of hard X-rays and the source of microwaves. The O VII line ratios yield the density and volume of the 2 X 10 to the 6th K plasma. For all three flares, the O VII source volume is found to be smallest at the beginning of the flare, near the time when the impulsive hard X-ray/microwave volume reaches its first maximum. At this time, the O VII volume is three to four orders of magnitude smaller than that inferred from the hard X-ray/microwave analysis. Subsequently, the O VII source volume increases by one or two orders of magnitude then remains almost constant until the end of the flare when it apparently increases again

Rocket studies of solar corona and transition region

The XSST (X-Ray Spectrometer/Spectrograph Telescope) rocket payload launched by a Nike Boosted Black Brant was designed to provide high spectral resolution coronal soft X-ray line information on a spectrographic plate, as well as time resolved photo-electric records of pre-selected lines and spectral regions. This spectral data is obtained from a 1 x 10 arc second solar region defined by the paraboloidal telescope of the XSST. The transition region camera provided full disc images in selected spectral intervals originating in lower temperature zones than the emitting regions accessible to the XSST. A H-alpha camera system allowed referencing the measurements to the chromospheric temperatures and altitudes. Payload flight and recovery information is provided along with X-ray photoelectric and UV flight data, transition camera results and a summary of the anomalies encountered. Instrument mechanical stability and spectrometer pointing direction are also examined

Using parent metaphors for learning about the neonatal care experience: an interpretive perspective

© 2019 The Author(s). The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in Journal of Child Health Care by Sage Publications Ltd. All rights reserved. It is available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493519875853.This study focuses on how metaphors are used by parents who have had a premature baby to describe their neonatal care experience and how these can contribute to empathic learning of health professionals. In health, metaphors are commonly used to communicate and explain difficult topics. When patients tell their story, metaphor can be a means of expression from which we can learn about their experience of illness or hospitalisation. Limited research exits on how metaphor can improve our understanding of parent’s emotional experience in neonatal care and subsequently inform education in this field. Employing narrative inquiry within an interpretive, constructivist paradigm, 20 narrative interviews with 23 parents of premature babies were analysed using a process of metaphor identification. Findings revealed common metaphors used to describe experience. Metaphor clusters used by parents in order of frequency were journeying, altered reality, darkness, breaking, connections, fighting, salvation and being on the edge. Parents widely used compelling and emotive metaphors to describe and express both difficult and challenging times as well as progression forward. Metaphors serve as a powerful way for health professionals to learn about the emotional experiences of parents and potentially enhance their empathic understanding.Peer reviewe