Consumer concerns: motivating to action.

Microbiologic safety is consumers' most frequently volunteered food safety concern. An increase in the level of concern in recent years suggests that consumers are more receptive to educational information. However, changing lifestyles have lessened the awareness of foodborne illness, especially among younger consumers. Failure to fully recognize the symptoms or sources of foodborne disease prevents consumers from taking corrective action. Consumer education messages should include the ubiquity of microorganisms, a comprehensive description of foodborne illnesses, and prevention strategies. Product labels should contain food-handling information and warnings for special populations, and foods processed by newer safety-enhancing technologies should be more widely available. Knowledge of the consequences of unsafe practices can enhance motivation and adherence to safety guidelines. When consumers mishandle food during preparation, the health community, food industry, regulators, and the media are ultimately responsible. Whether inappropriate temperature control, poor hygiene, or another factor, the error occurs because consumers have not been informed about how to handle food and protect themselves. The food safety message has not been delivered effectively

Impact of Altering Lys : Energy Ratio During Gestation on Sow Productivity, Piglet Robustness, and Piglet Post-wean Growth Performance

Across 4 breeding groups, 63 primiparous and multiparous females were blocked by parity, balanced by weight, then randomly assigned to one of 3 gestation feeding regimens: Control (CON), 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-110 of gestation; Phase Feeding 1 (PF1), 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-89 and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d 90-110 of gestation; Phase Feeding 2 (PF2), 1.25, 1.07, and 0.88g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-89 for gilts, parity 1, and parity 2+, respectively and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d90-110 of gestation over 2 reproductive cycles. During lactation, all sows received a common lactation diet. Measures of sow productivity included maternal backfat, BW, litter characteristics at birth, colostrum nutrient content, and lactation feed intake. Piglet robustness was measured through analysis of cord blood cortisol, liver and muscle glycogen, Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase activity, and small intestinal morphology at birth. Other markers of piglet quality and robustness included serum immunocrit at 2 days of age along with BW at d7 and weaning. To assess post-weaning performance, all piglets were weaned to an on-site wean-to-finish facility and raised in group pens according to maternal treatment. Pen feed disappearance and individual pig weights were determined at least once each month until market. Data were analyzed using both Mixed and Correlation procedures of SAS in a randomized complete block design with means separation using Scheffe’s adjustment. Altering Lys:energy ratio had minimal impacts on variables of sow productivity. Piglets born from PF1 litters during the first gestation/lactation cycle were heavier at birth (P \u3c 0.01) compared to PF2 offspring, however no differences were detected in other litter characteristic parameters at birth. Though no differences were detected for ADG, ADFI, of G:F during the post-wean period, PF1 and PF2 offspring were heavier (P = 0.02) at adjusted d130 than CON pigs. PF1 offspring also and spent 4 days fewer on feed (P = 0.002) than CON offspring. During the second reproductive cycle, PF1 sows weighed less than PF2 females at d110 (P = 0.01) and less than CON sows at weaning (P = 0.02). Again, no differences were detected in litter characteristics other than BW at birth where PF1 piglets weighed more than offspring of both other treatments (P \u3c 0.01). Second gestation/lactation offspring displayed minimal differences in BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F post-weaning. However, though not statistically significant, PF1 offspring from block 3 were able to maintain the heavier birth and wean weights until market and weighed more than both other treatments. When data from all piglets was analyzed together, this advantage seems to be not detectable. During both reproductive cycles there were few detectable differences in biological markers of sow nutrient utilization although colostral fat content was greater for PF2 females compared to both CON and PF1 (P = 0.02) during the first lactation. Biological indicators of piglet robustness and performance potential also demonstrated few differences. Muscle samples from PF2 piglets tended to contain greater levels of glycogen than both other treatments (P = 0.08) and piglets born in the first half of the birth order tended to have higher (P = 0.08) serum immunocrit values. From these findings it seems there may be a benefit to altering the Lys:energy ratio during gestation on piglet growth performance during the suckling period and late finisher stages. Additional expenses associated with excess AA excreted as waste during gestation and maintaining market hogs for a longer period of time may also be decreased by implementing a phase-feeding program

Influences of Training and Personal Experiences on Counselor Trainees\u27 GLBT Ally Development: A Case Stud

The goal of this multiple case study was to investigate straight counseling students’ perceptions of their preparation to work with GLBT clients. For this study, semi - structured interviews were conducted with six straight counselor education students from two universities. Pattern matching analysis revealed that students with significant exposure to GLBT individuals, as well as those who believed their training provided adequate preparation for GLBT counseling, were more likely to adopt a GLBT - affirmative identity and to experience greater self - efficacy about counseling with GLBT individuals. In addition, thematic analysis revealed seven themes of participants’ experiences that fell into four categories. Ideas for counselor educators to incorporate experiential learning into their programs are offered

Pharmacist-led management of chronic pain in primary care:results from a randomised controlled exploratory trial

To compare the effectiveness of pharmacist medication review, with or without pharmacist prescribing, with standard care, for patients with chronic pain

Protocol for the United Kingdom Rotator Cuff Study (UKUFF) : a randomised controlled trial of open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme (project number 05/47/02). J. L. Rees has received a grant from Oxford University which is related to this paper. J. Dawson reports that Oxford University has received a grant from HTA which is related to this paper, as well as a study grant.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cryogenic silicon detectors with implanted contacts for the detection of visible photons using the Neganov-Luke Effect

There is a common need in astroparticle experiments such as direct dark matter detection, 0{\nu}\b{eta}\b{eta} (double beta decay without emission of neutrinos) and Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Scattering experiments for light detectors with a very low energy threshold. By employing the Neganov-Luke Effect, the thermal signal of particle interactions in a semiconductor absorber operated at cryogenic temperatures, can be amplified by drifting the photogenerated electrons and holes in an electric field. This technology is not used in current experiments, in particular because of a reduction of the signal amplitude with time which is due to trapping of the charges within the absorber. We present here the first results of a novel type of Neganov-Luke Effect detector with an electric field configuration designed to improve the charge collection within the semiconductor.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physic

Transition from Townsend to glow discharge: subcritical, mixed or supercritical

The full parameter space of the transition from Townsend to glow discharge is investigated numerically in one space dimension in the classical model: with electrons and positive ions drifting in the local electric field, impact ionization by electrons ($\alpha$ process), secondary electron emission from the cathode ($\gamma$ process) and space charge effects. We also perform a systematic analytical small current expansion about the Townsend limit up to third order in the total current that fits our numerical data very well. Depending on $\gamma$ and system size pd, the transition from Townsend to glow discharge can show the textbook subcritical behavior, but for smaller values of pd, we also find supercritical or some intermediate ``mixed'' behavior. The analysis in particular lays the basis for understanding the complex spatio-temporal patterns in planar barrier discharge systems.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.