Clinical characteristics and outcomes of traumatic brain injury in patients admitted to surgical ward of Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: a prospective observational follow-up study

Objective To assess the Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Admitted to the Surgical Ward of Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia from January to July 2022.Design and setting A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among 175 patients admitted with Traumatic Brain Injury at Jimma Medical Center from January to July 2022. Data were collected by structured questionnaires and a convenient sampling technique was used. For data entry, Epidata V.4.6.0.5 software was used and exported to Stata V.14.0.2 for analysis. The Cox regression model was fitted to evaluate the predictors of mortality and variables with a p value <0.05 at 95% CI were taken as statistically significant predictors.Results The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 22 (12.6%). The mean length of hospital stay was 6 days. In-hospital complications were recorded in 32.0% of patients. A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <8 on admission (adjusted HR (AHR)=6.2, 95% CI 0.75 to 51), hyperthermia (AHR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.05) and lack of prehospital care (AHR: 3.2, 95% CI 2.2 to 8.07) were predictors of mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury.Conclusion In-hospital mortality was recorded in over one-tenth of patients with traumatic brain injury. The GCS score of <8 on admission, hyperthermia and lack of prehospital care positively affected the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury. Screening of patients for hyperthermia and antipsychotics should be strengthened to reduce death. However, a multicentred study is needed for further evidence. Giving priority to the patients with those predictors will decrease the number of deaths

Prognostic factors of first intimate partner violence among ever-married women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Gompertz gamma shared frailty modeling.

BackgroundViolence against women, particularly intimate partner violence, is a significant Concern for public health as well as a violation of the human rights of women especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there was limited evidence how soon an ever-married women experience intimate partner violence in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the timing of first intimate partner violence (FIPV) among ever-married women in 30 SSA countries and to identify the risk factors of the timing.MethodsThe present study has utilized 125,731 weighted samples, who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey from Demographic and Health Surveys of 30 SSA countries. The Gompertz gamma shared frailty model was fitted to determine the predictors. For model evaluation, the theta value, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and deviance were used. The Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported in the multivariable Gompertz gamma shared frailty model to highlight the strength and statistical significance of the associations.ResultOne-third (31.02%) of ever-married women had reported experiencing IPV. The overall incidence rate of FIPV was 57.68 persons per 1000 person-years (95% CI = 50.61-65.76). Age at marriage, age difference, educational status, employment, residence, women's decision-making autonomy, husband who drink alcohol and wealth status were significantly associated with the timing of FIPV.ConclusionThe findings show that ever-married women are at high and increasing risk of violence. Thus, we recommend establishing effective health and legal response services for IPV, strengthening laws governing the sale and purchase of alcohol, empowering women, raising the educational attainment of women, and putting policies in place to combat the culture of societal tolerance for IPV all contribute to the empowerment of women

Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury among asphyxiated neonates in comprehensive specialized hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2023

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in the kidneys' abilities to remove waste products and maintain water and electrolyte homeostasis. This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury among neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit of West Amhara Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023. Multicentred institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2023, among 421 perinatal asphyxia neonates. A simple random sampling technique was used. The data were collected using a data extraction checklist from the medical registry of neonates. The collected data were entered into EPI-DATA V.4.6.0.0. and analyzed using STATA V.14. The Kaplan–Meier failure curve and log-rank test were employed. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression was carried out to identify predictors of Acute kidney injury. Statistical significance was declared at a p ≤ 0.05. The overall incidence of AKI was 54 (95% CI 47.07–62.51) per 100 neonate days. C/S delivery (AHR = 0.64; (95% CI 0.43–0.94), prolonged labor (AHR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.03–1.99) low-birth weight times (AHR = 1.49; (95% CI 1.01–2.20), stage three HIE(AHR: 1.68; (95% CI (1.02–2.77), No ANC follow up (AHR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.9 (1.07–3.43) and Hyperkalemia (AHR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.56 (1.05–2.29); 95% CI) were significant predictors. The incidence rate of acute kidney injury was higher than in other studies conducted on other groups of neonates. Cesarean section delivery, prolonged low birthweight, no Anc follow-up, stage 3 HIE, and neonatal hyperkalemia were predictors of acute kidney injury. However, it needs further prospective study. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should give due attention and appropriate intervention to these predictors