MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION IN ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL DNA *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73878/1/j.1749-6632.1981.tb54361.x.pd

POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN ( TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS ) AS DETERMINED BY RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to test for population subdivision in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Atlantic and Pacific dolphin mtDNA samples exhibited distinctly different haplotypes (approximately 2.4% sequence divergence), indicating a lack of gene exchange. Within the Atlantic Ocean, mtDNA samples from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Coast were also found to be distinct, with a sequence divergence of approximately 0.6%. The Atlantic Coast–Gulf of Mexico dichotomy is consistent with patterns of genetic variation from other marine and coastal organisms from this region, and supports the hypothesized role of bio-geographic events in promoting the divergence of these and other forms. Regional differentiation was identified along the Atlantic Coast, whereas low sequence divergences among haplotypes and consistent haplotype frequencies across populations suggested considerable gene exchange among Gulf of Mexico populations. A highly divergent haplotype found in two individuals from two localities in the Gulf of Mexico is best explained by dispersal from either a distinct offshore Gulf stock or an unsampled Atlantic Coast stock. Additional samples are required to test for the existence of a distinct offshore race and, if it exists, to identify its distribution and contribution to population structure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73329/1/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00439.x.pd

Intraspecific Molecular Phylogeny In The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica Petechia), And Implications For Avian Biogeography In The West Indies

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137473/1/evo02223.pd

Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage Site and Length Polymorphisms in Mitochondrial DNA of Apis mellifera mellifera and A. m. carnica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

This is the published version. copyright 1990 Entomological Society of America.Restriction endonuclease cleavage maps of mitochondrial DNAs of Scandinavian Apis mellifera mellifera L., of German, Austrian, and Yugoslavian A. m. carnica Pollman, and of Austrian "Nigra" honey bees are compared with previously published maps of mitochondrial DNA from North American bees of European ancestry and Brazilian Africanized bees. A. m. mellifera mitochondrial DNA is characterized by a pattern of cleavage sites unique among the honey bee populations thus far investigated. Variation in size of the mitochondrial DNA molecule is common among families (hives) of A. m. mellifera and appears to involve several distinct regions that span a region at least 5.1 kilobase pairs in length. Some elements of size variation seem to be confined to the A. m. mellifera population, whereas others are shared with Africanized bees. A. m. carnica mitochondrial DNA is characterized by a pattern of cleavage sites, which differs from that of A. m. mellifera and the Africanized bees but is similar to that of the domestic North American bees of European ancestry

The Use of Public Funds for Private Benefit: An Examination of the Relationship between Public Stadium Funding and Ticket Prices in the National Football League

During the past decade there has been a proliferation of sports stadia being built in America’s municipal districts. While it used to be common for the public to fully fund stadium construction projects, over the past 20 years factors such as political motives, tax reform, and increased public awareness of tax equity have forced sports teams to share increasing amounts of the financial burden (Crompton, Howard, & Var, 2003). As public funding for stadia construction has decreased, franchises have continued to strive for maximized profits. Concurrently, the cost of attending events in sports stadia has increased for consumers in terms of higher ticket prices even though changes in fixed costs should not affect pricing (Leeds & von Allmen, 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the use of public funds to build stadia and the profit maximizing goals of National Football League (NFL) franchises. A hypothesis was formulated that stated the impact of the public share of the construction cost would have no effect on relative ticket prices for those that consume the product. The cross-sectional data for a ticket price model, which consisted of seasonal data from every NFL team to play from 1991 through 2003, was investigated. The results showed an increase in public funding by 10% lowers ticket prices by 42 cents. As shown, the bulk of the variation in ticket prices was due to a general increase over time and MSA per capita income

Mitochondrial‐Dna Analyses And The Origin And Relative Age Of Parthenogenetic Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus). Iii. C. Velox And C. Exsanguis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137554/1/evo02542.pd

Mitochondrial‐Dna Analyses And The Origin And Relative Age Of Parthenogenetic Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus). Ii. C. Neomexicanus And The C. Tesselatus Complex

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137490/1/evo02541.pd

Mitochondrial‐Dna Diversity And The Origin Of The Menidia Clarkhubbsi Complex Of Unisexual Fishes (Atherinidae)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137609/1/evo02544.pd